Vocabulary practice

1. Phonetic Exercises

A) Read the words, mind the sounds [ w], [v]:

private ['praɪ v ɪt] divide [dɪ' v aɪd] wide [ w aɪd] division [dɪ' v ɪʒ(ə)n] which [ w ɪʧ] within [ w ɪ'ðɪn]

between [bɪ't w i:n] individual [ɪndɪ' v ɪʤuəl] behavior [bɪ'heɪ v jə] victim [' v ɪktɪm] government ['gʌ v (ə)nmənt] involve [ɪn' v ɔl v ]

B) Read the words using the transcription:

variety [və'raɪətɪ] distinction [dɪ'stɪŋkʃ(ə)n] private ['praɪvɪt] serious ['sɪərɪəs] business ['bɪznɪs] type [taɪp]

however [hau'evə] intervene [ɪntə'vi:n] view [vju:] engine ['enʤɪn] machinery [mə'ʃi:n(ə)rɪ] succession [sək'seʃ(ə)n]

C) Spell the words:

[lɔ:] ['praɪvɪt] ['kʌntrɪ] ['tri:tɪ] [weɪlz] ['sɪstəm]

[mə'ʤɔrətɪ] [prə'si:dɪŋ] [bɪ'kɔz] ['gɪltɪ] ['pɑ:ləmənt] ['mærɪʤ]

2. Translate the word chains.

· separate – separately – separate – separation – separatism – separatist – separator – separatum

· distinction – distinct – distinctive – distinctively – distinctly – distinctness – distingue – distinguish – distinguishable – distinguished – distinguishing

· behaviour – behavioural – behaviourism

· necessarily – necessary – necessitarian – necessitarianism – necessitate – necessitous – necessity

· power – powerful – powerfully – powerless – powerlifting

3. A) Match the synonyms:
1 dispute	a) contract
2 decision	b) operations
3 treaty	c) a civil wrong
4 take over	d) gain control
5 tort	e) judgment
6 crime	f) debate
7 liability	g) responsibility
8 proceedings	h) offence

B) Match the opposites:
1 private	a) forbid
2 care	b) narrow
3 national	c) at the beginning
4 good	d) without
5 allow	e) faulty
6 wide	f) public
7 at the end	g) negligence
8 with	h) international

4. A) Make as many word combinations as possible:
find	of a moral code
prosecute	employment
a contract of	crime
commit	business
get	guilty
took over	the defendant
breaches	responsibility
	a majority

B) Translate into Russian:

1. International law is concerned with disputes between nations.

2. If a defendant commits the crime of burglary by breaking into a house and stealing, the State prosecutes the defendant for that burglary.

3. If there is a private prosecution, the State still has the right to intervene and take over the matter.

4. She was found guilty of attempted murder.

5. The Scottish jury makes the decision by a simple majority of eight to seven.

6. Major breaches of a moral code (such as murder and robbery) are against the law.

C) Translate into English:

1. Что есть право? На этот вопрос человечество пытается ответить в течение многих столетий.

2. Основу правовой системы Англии составляют договорное право, деликтное право, право собственности и уголовное право.

3. Наиболее общим подразделением права на отрасли служит выделение права гражданского и права уголовного как права частного и публичного.

4. Помимо уголовного права к области публичного права относятся конституционное и административное право.

5. В отличие от публичного права частное право имеет дело с регулированием споров между частными лицами.

6. В более широком смысле как отрасли публичного права могут рассматриваться нормы международного права, которые регулируют взаимоотношения между данным государством и другими субъектами.

7. Основным источником международного права является международный договор.

5. Fill in the correct words from the list below. Use the words only once: victim, a moral code, vote, national, compensation, guilty, liability, distinction

1. The………. will not necessarily be given any compensation.

2. The first …………….is that between international and national (municipal) law.

3. Each country will have its own………… law.

4. The criminal courts have the power to order that the offender pays the victim …..

5. He denies any …..for the cost of the court case.

6. Mr. Newbery was found not ……of a criminal charge of wounding Mr. Smith.

7. Major breaches of ………… (such as murder and robbery) are against the law.

8. A Vice-President takes office after both houses of Congress have confirmed him by a majority …...

6. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any three word combinations and make sentences of your own: of at for from over into in

1. variety … matters

2. … the end

3. be sub-divided …

4. take …

5. …least

6. separate …

7. types … behaviour

8. punish the defendant….. the offence

9. …contrast

10. look …

READING 7. Which word or phrase completes each sentence correctly? Underline the answer you choose.

1. National law can then be classified into public and private law/ international and municipal law.

2. International law is concerned with disputes between public bodies / nations.

3. Public law involves the State / private individuals or businesses.

4. If the defendant is found guilty / innocent, the court will punish the defendant for the offence.

5. Constitutional law / Administrative law controls how ministers of State or other public bodies should operate.

6. Private law / public law is usually called civil law.

7. Civil law is called private law because the issues it deals with are between two individuals / two different courts.

8. Read the text “Different Types of Law” and explain the words in bold.