Outline
3.1 Morphological word formation:
· Affixation (suffixation, prefixation, suffixation-and-prefixation).
· Back formation.
· Abbreviation (aphaeresis, apocopy).
· Compounding (compound-derived words, abbreviated compounds, acronyms, initialisms).
· Blending.
· Compound word vs. a word combination.
Semantic word formation.
· Generalization of meaning.
· Specification of meaning.
· Transposition.
· Conversion.
3.3 Borrowing:
· Borrowings proper.
· Translation loans.
· Semantic loans.
· Barbarisms.