КОНСТАНТЫ РАСТВОРИМОСТИ (ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ РАСТВОРИМОСТИ)
НЕКОТОРЫХ малоОРАСТВОРИМЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ
Соединение
| KS (ПР)
| pKS
| Соединение
| KS (ПР)
| pKS
|
Ag3AsO3
| 1.0·10-17
| 17.00
| Ca3(AsO4)2
| 6.8·10-19
| 18.17
|
Ag3AsO3
| 1.0·10-22
| 22.00
| CaC4H4O6 (тартрат)
| 7.7·10-7
| 6.11
|
AgBO2
| 4.0·10-3
| 2.40
| CaCO3
| 3.8·10-9
| 8.42
|
AgBr
| 5.3·10-13
| 12.28
| CaC2O4
| 2.3·10-9
| 8.64
|
AgBrO3
| 5.5·10-5
| 4.26
| CaCrO4
| 7.1·10-4
| 3.15
|
AgCN
| 1.4·10-16
| 15.84
| CaF2
| 4.0·10-11
| 10.40
|
Ag2CO3
| 1.2·10-12
| 11.09
| CaHPO4
| 2.7·10-7
| 6.57
|
Ag2C2O4
| 3.5·10-11
| 10.46
| Ca(H2PO4)2
| 1.0·10-3
| 3.00
|
AgCl
| 1.8·10-10
| 9.75
| Ca(IO3)2
| 7.0·10-7
| 6.15
|
Ag2CrO4
| 1.1·10-12
| 11.95
| Ca(OH)2
| 5.5·10-6
| 5.26
|
Ag2Cr2O7
| 1.0·10-10
| 10.00
| Ca3(PO4)2
| 2.0·10-29
| 28.70
|
Ag3[Fe(CN)6]
| 1.0·10-22
| 22.00
| CaSO3
| 3.2·10-7
| 6.49
|
Ag4[Fe(CN)6]
| 8.5·10-45
| 44.07
| CaSO4
| 2.5·10-5
| 4.60
|
AgI
| 8.3·10-17
| 16.08
| Cd3(AsO4)2
| 2.2·10-33
| 32.66
|
AgIO3
| 3.0·10-8
| 7.52
| Cd(BO2)2
| 2.3·10-9
| 8.64
|
AgNO2
| 6.0·10-4
| 3.22
| CdCO3
| 1.0·10-12
| 12.00
|
Ag2O (Ag+, OH-)
| 1.6·10-8
| 7.80
| CdC2O4
| 1.5·10-8
| 7.82
|
AgOCN
| 2.3·10-7
| 6.64
| Cd(OH)2
| 2.2·10-14
| 13.66
|
Ag3PO4
| 1.3·10-20
| 19.89
| CdS
| 1.6·10-28
| 27.80
|
AgSCN
| 1.1·10-12
| 11.97
| Co3(AsO4)2
| 7.6·10-29
| 28.12
|
Ag2S
| 2.0·10-50
| 49.70
| Co(BO2)2
| 3.2·10-9
| 8.49
|
Ag2SO3
| 1.5·10-14
| 13.82
| CoCO3
| 1.1·10-10
| 9.98
|
Ag2SO4
| 1.6·10-5
| 4.80
| CoC2O4
| 6.3·10-8
| 7.20
|
AlAsO4
| 1.6·10--16
| 15.80
| Co2[Fe(CN)6]
| 4.8·10-38
| 37.32
|
Al(OH)3
| 1.0·10-32
| 32.00
| Co[Hg(CN)4]
| 1.5·10-6
| 5.82
|
AlPO4
| 5.8·10-19
| 18.24
| Co(OH)2
| 1.6·10-15
| 14.80
|
Ba3(AsO4)2
| 7.8·10-51
| 50.11
| Co(OH)3
| 4.0·10-45
| 44.40
|
Ba(BrO3)2
| 5.5·10-6
| 5.26
| CoS (a)
| 4.0·10-21
| 20.40
|
BaCO3
| 4.0·10-10
| 9.40
| CoS (b)
| 2.0·10-25
| 24.70
|
BaC2O4
| 1.1·10-7
| 6.96
| CrAsO4
| 7.8·10-21
| 20.11
|
BaCrO4
| 1.2·10-10
| 9,93
| Cr(OH)3
| 6.3·10-31
| 30.20
|
BaF2
| 1,1·10-6
| 5,98
| CrPO4 (фиол.)
| 1.0·10-17
| 17.00
|
Ba2[Fe(CN)6]
| 3.0·10-8
| 7,50
| CrPO4 (зелен.)
| 2.4·10-23
| 22.62
|
Ba(IO3)2
| 1,5·10-9
| 8,82
| Cu3(AsO4)2
| 7.6·10-36
| 35.12
|
BaMnO4
| 2,5·10-10
| 9,60
| CuBr
| 5.25·10-9
| 8.28
|
Ba(OH)2
| 5,0·10-3
| 2,30
| CuCN
| 3.2·10-20
| 19.49
|
Ba3(PO4)2
| 6.0·10-39
| 38,22
| CuCO3
| 2.5·10-10
| 9.60
|
Ba2P2O7
| 3.0·10-11
| 10.50
| CuC2O4
| 3.0·10-8
| 7.50
|
BaSO3
| 8.0·10-7
| 6.10
| CuCl
| 1.2·10-6
| 5.92
|
BaSO4
| 1.1·10-10
| 9.97
| CuCrO4
| 3.6·10-6
| 5.44
|
BaS2O3
| 1.6·10-5
| 4.79
| Cu2[Fe(CN)6]
| 1.3·10-16
| 15.89
|
BiAsO4
| 2.8·10-10
| 9.36
| CuI
| 1.1·10-12
| 11.96
|
Bi2(C2O4)3
| 4.0·10-36
| 35.40
| Cu(IO3)2
| 7.4·10-8
| 7.13
|
BiI3
| 8.1·10-19
| 18.09
| Cu(OH)2
| 2.2·10-20
| 19.66
|
BiOCl (BiO+,Cl-)
| 7.0·10-9
| 8.85
| Cu2P2O7
| 8.3·10-16
| 15.08
|
BiOOH (BiO+,OH-)
| 4.0·10-10
| 9.40
| Cu2S
| 2.5·10-48
| 47.60
|
BiPO4
| 1.3·10-23
| 22.90
| CuS
| 6.3·10-36
| 35.20
|
Bi2S3
| 1.0·10-97
| 97.00
| CuSCN
| 4.8·10-15
| 14.32
|
(продолжение)
Соединение
| KS (ПР)
| pKS
| Соединение
| KS (ПР)
| pKS
|
FeAsO4
| 5.8·10-21
| 20.24
| Ni(IO3)2
| 1.4·10-8
| 7.85
|
FeCO3
| 3.5·10-11
| 10.46
| Ni(OH)2
| 2.0·10-15
| 14.70
|
FeC2O4
| 2.0·10-7
| 6.70
| Ni2P2O7
| 1.7·10-13
| 12.77
|
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
| 3.0·10-41
| 40.52
| NiS (a)
| 3.2·10-19
| 18.50
|
Fe(OH)2
| 8.0·10-16
| 15.10
| NiS (b)
| 1.0·10-24
| 24.00
|
Fe(OH)3
| 6.3·10-38
| 37.20
| NiS (g)
| 2.0·10-26
| 25.70
|
FePO4
| 1.3·10-22
| 21.89
| Pb3(AsO4)3
| 4.1·10-36
| 35.39
|
FeS
| 5.0·10-18
| 17.30
| Pb(BO2)2
| 1.7·10-11
| 10.78
|
Hg2Br2
| 5.8·10-23
| 22.24
| PbBr2
| 9.1·10-6
| 5.04
|
Hg2CO3
| 8.9·10-17
| 16.05
| PbCO3
| 7.5·10-14
| 13.13
|
Hg2C2O4
| 1.0·10-13
| 13.00
| PbC2O4
| 4.8·10-10
| 9.32
|
Hg2Cl2
| 1.3·10-18
| 17.88
| PbCl2
| 1.6·10-5
| 4.79
|
Hg2CrO4
| 5.0·10-9
| 8.30
| PbClF
| 2.8·10-9
| 8.55
|
Hg2I2
| 4.5·10-29
| 28.35
| PbCrO4
| 1.8·10-14
| 13.75
|
Hg2(IO3)2
| 2.45·10-14
| 13.71
| PbF2
| 2.7·10-8
| 7.57
|
Hg2(OH)2
| 1.6·10-23
| 22.80
| Pb2[Fe(CN)6]
| 9.55·10-19
| 18.02
|
Hg(OH)2
| 3.0·10-26
| 25.52
| PbI2
| 1.1·10-9
| 8.98
|
HgS
| 1.6·10-52
| 51.80
| Pb(IO3)2
| 2.6·10-13
| 12.58
|
Hg2S
| 1.0·10--47
| 47.00
| Pb(OH)4
| 3.0·10-66
| 65.50
|
Hg2(SCN)2
| 3.0·10--20
| 19.52
| Pb(OH)2
| 5.0·10-16
| 15.30
|
Hg2SO3
| 1.0·10--27
| 27.00
| Pb3(PO4)2
| 7.9·10-43
| 42.10
|
Hg2SO4
| 6.8·10-7
| 6.17
| PbS
| 2.5·10-27
| 26.60
|
KClO4
| 1.1·10-2
| 1.97
| PbSO4
| 1.6·10-8
| 7.80
|
K3[Co(NO2)6]
| 4.3·10-10
| 9.37
| Sb(OH)3
| 4.0·10-42
| 41.40
|
K2Na[Co(NO2)6]
| 2.2·10-11
| 10.66
| Sn(OH)2
| 6.3·10-27
| 26.20
|
KHC4H4O6
| 3.0·10-4
| 3.50
| Sn(OH)4
| 1.0·10-57
| 57.00
|
K2[PtCl6]
| 1.1·10-5
| 4.96
| SnS
| 2.5·10--27
| 26.60
|
K2SiF6
| 8.7·10-7
| 6.06
| Sr3(AsO4)2
| 1.3·10-18
| 17.10
|
Mg3(AsO4)2
| 2.1·10-20
| 19.68
| SrCO3
| 1.1·10-10
| 9.96
|
MgCO3
| 2.1·10-5
| 4.67
| SrC2O4
| 1.6·10-7
| 6.80
|
MgC2O4
| 8.5·10-5
| 4.07
| SrCrO4
| 3,6·10-5
| 4,44
|
MgF2
| 6.5·10-9
| 8.19
| SrF2
| 2.5·10-9
| 8.61
|
MgNH4PO4
| 2.5·10-13
| 12.60
| Sr(IO3)2
| 3.3·10-7
| 6.48
|
Mg(OH)2
| 6.0·10-10
| 9.22
| Sr(OH)2
| 3.2·10--4
| 3.50
|
Mg3(PO4)2
| 1.0·10-12
| 12.00
| Sr3(PO4)2
| 1.0·10-31
| 31.00
|
Mn3(AsO4)2
| 1.9·10-29
| 28.72
| SrSO3
| 4.0·10-8
| 7.40
|
MnCO3
| 1.8·10-11
| 10.74
| SrSO4
| 3.2·10-7
| 6.49
|
MnC2O4
| 5.0·10-6
| 5.30
| Zn3(AsO4)2
| 1.3·10-27
| 26.89
|
Mn(OH)2
| 1.9·10-13
| 12.72
| ZnCO3
| 1.45·10-11
| 10.84
|
MnS
| 2.5·10-10
| 9.60
| ZnC2O4
| 2.75·10-8
| 7.56
|
Ni3(AsO4)2
| 3.1·10-26
| 25.51
| Zn[Hg(SCN)4]
| 2.2·10-7
| 6.66
|
Ni(BO2)2
| 2.0·10-9
| 8.70
| Zn(IO3)2
| 2.0·10-8
| 7.70
|
Ni(C4H7O2N2)2
(диметилглиоксимат)
| 2,3·10-25
| 24,64
| Zn(OH)2
| 1.2·10-17
| 16.92
|
NiCO3
| 1.3·10-7
| 6.87
| Zn3(PO4)2
| 9.1·10-33
| 32.04
|
NiC2O4
| 4.0·10-10
| 9.40
| ZnS (a)
| 1.6·10-24
| 23.80
|
Ni2[Fe(CN)6]
| 1.3·10-15
| 14.89
| ZnS (b)
| 2.5·10-22
| 21.60
|
ЛОГАРИФМЫ КОНСТАНТ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ
Центральный ион
| Лиганд
| lgK1
| lgK1-2
| lgK1-3
| lgK1-4
| lgK1-5
| lgK1-6
|
Al3+
| F-
| 7.10
| 11.98
| 15.83
| 18.53
| 20.20
| 20.67
|
OH-
| 9.0
| ?
| 27,0
| 33,0
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)-
| 16.5
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Ag+
| NH3
| 3.32
| 7.23
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Br-
| 4.38
| 7.34
| 8.00
| 8.73
| 8.44
| -
|
I-
| 6.58
| 11.74
| 13.68
| 13.10
| -
| -
|
SCN-
| 4.75
| 8.23
| 9.45
| 9.67
| -
| -
|
S2O32-
| 8.82
| 13.46
| 14.15
| -
| -
| -
|
Cl-
| 3.04
| 5.04
| 5.04
| 5.30
| -
| -
|
CN-
| ?
| 19.85
| 20.55
| 19.42
| -
| -
|
8-Ox
| 5.20
| 9.56
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Py (C5H5N)
| 2,05
| 4,10
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 7.31
| 11.31
|
| -
| -
| -
|
Ba2+
| Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 7.78
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Bi3+
| Br-
| 2.26
| 4.45
| 6.33
| 7.84
| 9.42
| 9.52
|
OH-
| 12.4
| 15.8
| ?
| 35.2
| -
| -
|
Cl-
| 2.43
| 4.7
| 5.0
| 5.6
| 6.1
| 6.42
|
I-
| 2.89
| ?
| ?
| 14.95
| 16.80
| 19.1
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 27.4
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Ca2+
| C2O42-
| 1.66
| 2.69
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 10.59
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Cd2+
| NH3
| 2.51
| 4.47
| 5.77
| 6.56
| 6.26
| 4.56
|
OH-
| 6.08
| 8.70
| 8.38
| 8.42
| -
| -
|
I-
| 2.17
| 3.67
| 4.34
| 5.35
| 5.15
| -
|
SCN-
| 1.74
| 2.40
| 2.30
| 2.91
| -
| -
|
Cl-
| 2.05
| 2.60
| 2.4
| 1.7
| -
| -
|
CN-
| 5.18
| 9.60
| 13.92
| 17.11
| -
| -
|
8-Ox
| 7.2
| 13.4
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Py (C5H5N)
| 1.27
| 2.14
| 2.3
| 2.50
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 16.46
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Co2+
| NH3
| 1.99
| 3.50
| 4.43
| 5.07
| 5.13
| 4.39
|
SCN-
| 1.72
| 1.6
| 1.8
| -0.3
| -
| -
|
CN-
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| 19.09
|
8-Ox
| 9.1
| 17.2
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4--(ЭДТА)
| 16.39
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Co3+
| NH3
| 7.3
| 14.0
| 20.1
| 25.7
| 30.8
| 35.21
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 40.6
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Cr3+
| OH-
| 10.1
| 17.8
| ?
| 29.9
|
|
|
SCN-
| 3.1
| 4.8
| 5.8
| 6.1
| 5.4
| 3.8
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 23.40
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Cu+
| NH3
| 5.93
| 10.86
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Br-
| ?
| 5.92
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
I-
| ?
| 8.85
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
SCN-
| ?
| ?
| 9.90
| 10.05
| 9.59
| 9.27
|
Cl-
| ?
| 5.35
| 5.63
| -
| -
| -
|
CN-
| ?
| 24.0
| 28.6
| 30.3
| -
| -
|
Py (C5H5N)
| 3.9
| 6.6
| 7.9
| 8.7
| -
| -
|
(продолжение)
Центральный ион
| Лиганд
| lgK1
| lgK1-2
| lgK1-3
| lgK1-4
| lgK1-5
| lgK1-6
|
Cu2+
| NH3
| 3.9
| 7.33
| 10.06
| 12.03
| 11.43
| 8.9
|
OH-
| 6.0
| 13.18
| 14.42
| 14.56
| -
| -
|
SCN-
| 2.30
| 3.65
| 5.19
| 6.52
| -
| -
|
8-Ox
| 12.2
| 23.4
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Py (C5H5N)
| 2.50
| 4.30
| 5.16
| 6.04
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 18.80
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Fe2+
| NH3
| 1.4
| 2.2
| ?
| 3.7
| -
| -
|
CN-
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| 18.6
| 36.9
|
8-Ox
| 8.0
| 15.0
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 14.20
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Fe3+
| F-
| 6.04
| 10.74
| 13.74
| 15.74
| 16.10
| 16.10
|
SCN-
| 3.03
| 4.33
| 4.63
| 4.53
| 4.23
| 3.23
|
CN-
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| 43.9
|
8-Ox
| 12.3
| 23.6
| 33.9
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 24.23
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Hg2+
| NH3
| 8.8
| 17.5
| 18.5
| 19.3
| -
| -
|
Br-
| 9.05
| 17.33
| 19.74
| 21.00
| -
| -
|
I-
| 12.87
| 23.82
| 27.60
| 29.83
| -
| -
|
SCN-
| ?
| 17.60
| 20.40
| 21.20
| -
| -
|
Cl-
| 6.74
| 13.22
| 14.17
| 15.22
| -
| -
|
CN-
| 17.00
| 32.75
| 36.31
| 38.97
| 39.83
| 40.62
|
Py (C5H5N)
| 5.1
| 10.0
| 10.4
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 21.8
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Mg2+
| 8-Ox
| 4.74
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 9.12
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Mn2+
| 8-Ox
| 6.8
| 12.6
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 14.04
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Ni2+
| NH3
| 2.67
| 4.79
| 6.40
| 7.47
| 8.10
| 8.01
|
CN-
| ?
| ?
| 22.2
| 31.0
| 30.3
| -
|
8-Ox
| 9.9
| 18.7
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 18.62
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Pb2+
| Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 18.04
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Sn2+
| Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 18.3
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Sr2+
| Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 8.80
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Zn2+
| NH3
| 2.18
| 4.43
| 6.74
| 8.7
| -
| -
|
OH-
| 6.31
| 11.19
| 14.31
| 17.70
| -
| -
|
SCN-
| 1.57
| 1.56
| 1.51
| 3.02
| -
| -
|
CN-
| ?
| 11.07
| 16.05
| 19.62
| -
| -
|
8-Ox
| 8.50
| 16.72
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
Py (C5H5N)
| 1.41
| 1.11
| 1.61
| 1.93
| -
| -
|
Y4-(ЭДТА)
| 16.26
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
СТАНДАРТНЫЕ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНО-ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛЫ
Окисленная форма
| Восстановленная форма
| Окислительно-восстановительная
полуреакция
| E0, В
|
Ag+
| Ag¯
| Ag+ +e- ® Ag¯0
| +0.799
|
AgBr¯
| Ag¯
| AgBr¯ + e- ® Ag¯ + Br-
| +0.071
|
AgCN¯
| Ag¯
| AgCN¯ + e- ® Ag¯ + CN-
| -0.040
|
[Ag(CN)2]-
| Ag¯
| [Ag(CN)2]- e- ® Ag¯ + 2CN-
| -0.290
|
AgCl¯
| Ag¯
| AgCl¯ + e- ® Ag¯ + Cl-
| +0.222
|
AgI¯
| Ag¯
| AgI¯ + e- ® Ag¯ + I-
| -0.152
|
[Ag(NH3)2]+
| Ag¯
| [Ag(NH3)2]+ + e- ® Ag¯ + 2NH3
| +0.373
|
Ag2S¯
| Ag¯
| Ag2S¯ + 2e- ® 2Ag¯ + S2-
| -0.710
|
AgSCN¯
| Ag¯
| AgSCN¯ + e- ® Ag¯ + SCN-
| +0.090
|
Al3+
| Al¯
| Al3+ + 3e- ® Al ¯0
| -1.66
|
Al(OH)3¯
| Al¯
| Al(OH)3 + 3e- ® Al¯ + 3OH-
| -2.29
|
H3AsO4
| HAsO2 (H3AsO3)
| H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e- ® HAsO2 + 2H2O
| +0.560
|
AsO43-
| AsO2- (AsO33-)
| AsO43- + 2H2O + 2e- ® AsO2- 4OH-
| -0.710
|
BiO+ (Bi3+)
| Bi¯
| BiO+ + 2H+ + 3e- ® Bi¯ + 2H2O
| +0.320
|
NaBiO3¯
| BiO+ (Bi3+)
| NaBiO3¯ + 4H+ + 2e-® BiO+ + Na+ + 2H2O
| >+1.8
|
Br2
| Br-
| Br2 + 2e- ® 2Br-
| +1.087
|
HBrO
| Br2
| 2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e- ® Br2 + 2H2O
| +1.60
|
HBrO
| Br-
| HBrO + H+ + 2e- ® Br- + H2O
| +1.34
|
BrO3-
| Br2
| 2BrO3- + 12H+ + 10e- ® Br2 + 6H2O
| +1.52
|
BrO3-
| Br-
| BrO3- + 6H+ + 6e- ® Br- + 3H2O
| +1.45
|
CO2
| H2C2O4
| 2CO2 + 2H+ + 2e- ® H2C2O4
| -0.490
|
C6H4O2
(хинон)
| C6H4(OH)2
(гидрохинон)
| C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e- ® C6H4(OH)2
| +0.699
|
Cd2+
| Cd¯
| Cd2+ + 2e- ® Cd¯
| -0.403
|
CdS
| Cd¯
| CdS + 2e- ® Cd¯ + S2-
| -1.17
|
Ce4+
| Ce3+
| Ce4+ + e- ® Ce3+
| +1.74
|
Cl2
| Cl-
| Cl2 + 2e- ® 2Cl-
| +1.359
|
ClO3-
| Cl2
| 2ClO3- + 12H+ + 10e- ® Cl2 + 3H2O
| +1.47
|
ClO3-
| Cl-
| ClO3- + 6H+ + 6e- ® Cl- + 3H2O
| +1.45
|
ClO4-
| Cl-
| ClO4- + 8H+ + 8e- ® Cl- + 4H2O
| +1.38
|
Co3+
| Сo2+
| Co3+ + e- ® Co2+
| +1.95
|
Cr3+
| Cr2+
| Cr3+ + e- ® Cr2+
| -0.41
|
Cr2+
| Cr¯
| Cr2+ + 2e- ® Cr¯
| -0.91
|
CrO42-
| Cr(OH)3¯
| CrO42- + 4H2O + 3e- ® Cr(OH)3¯ + 5OH-
| -0.13
|
Cr2O72-
| Cr3+
| Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- ® 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
| +1.33
|
Cu2+
| Cu¯
| Cu2+ + 2e- ® Cu¯
| +0.345
|
Cu+
| Cu¯
| Cu+ + e- ® Cu¯
| +0.531
|
Cu2+
| Cu+
| Cu2+ + e- ® Cu+
| +0.159
|
Cu2+
| CuI¯
| Cu2+ + I- + e- ® CuI¯
| +0.86
|
Fe2+
| Fe¯
| Fe2+ + 2e- ® Fe¯
| -0.473
|
Fe3+
| Fe¯
| Fe3+ + 3e- ® Fe¯
| -0.058
|
Fe3+
| Fe2+
| Fe3+ + e- ® Fe2+
| +0.771
|
[Fe(CN)6]3-
| [Fe(CN)6]4-
| [Fe(CN)6]3- + e- ® [Fe(CN)6]4-
| +0.360
|
2H+
| H2
| 2H+ + 2e- ® H2
| 0.000
|
H2O
| H2
| 2H2O + 2e- ® H2 + 2OH-
| -0.828
|
Hg2+
| Hg22+
| 2Hg2+ + 2e- ® Hg22+
| +0.907
|
Hg2+
| Hg¯
| Hg2+ + 2e- ® Hg¯
| +0.850
|
(продолжение)
Окисленная форма
| Восстановленная форма
| Окислительно-восстановительная
полуреакция
| E0, В
|
Hg22+
| Hg¯
| Hg22+ + 2e- ® 2Hg¯
| +0.792
|
Hg2Cl2
| Hg¯
| Hg2Cl2¯ + 2e- ® 2Hg¯ + 2Cl-
| +0.268
|
I2¯
| I-
| I2¯ + 2e- ® 2I-
| +0.536
|
I3-
| I-
| I3- + 2e- ® 3I-
| +0.545
|
IO3-
| I2
| 2IO3- + 12H+ + 10e- ® I2 + 3H2O
| +1.19
|
IO3-
| I-
| IO3- + 6H+ + 6e- ® I- + 3H2O
| +1.08
|
Mn2+
| Mn¯
| Mn2+ + 2e- ® Mn¯
| -1.17
|
MnO2¯
| Mn2+
| MnO2¯ + 4H+ + 2e- ® Mn2+ + 2H2O
| +1.23
|
MnO4-
| MnO42-
| MnO4- + e- ® MnO42-
| +0.558
|
MnO4-
| Mn2+
| MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- ® Mn2+ + 4H2O
| +1.51
|
MnO4-
| MnO2¯
| MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e- ® MnO2¯ + 2H2O
| +1.69
|
MnO4-
| MnO2¯
| MnO4- + 2H2O + 3e- ® MnO2¯ + 4OH--
| +0.588
|
HNO2
| N2
| 2HNO2 + 6H+ + 6e- ® N2
| +1.44
|
HNO2
| NO
| HNO2 + 2H+ + 2e- ® NO
| +0.98
|
NO3-
| NH4+
| NO3- + 10H+ + 8e- ® NH4+ + 3H2O
| +0.87
|
NO3-
| NH3
| NO3- + 6H2O + 8e- ® NH3 + 9OH-
| -0.12
|
NO3-
| NO
| NO3- + 4H+ + 2e- ® NO -+ 2H2O
| +0.96
|
NO3-
| NO2
| NO3- + 2H+ + 2e- ® NO2 -+ H2O
| +0.80
|
NO3-
| HNO2
| NO3- + 3H+ + 2e- ® HNO2 + H2O
| +0.94
|
Ni2+
| Ni¯
| Ni2+ + 2e- ® Ni¯
| -0.228
|
O2
| H2O
| O2 + 4H+ + 4e- ® 2H2O
| +1.23
|
O2
| OH-
| O2 + 2H2O + 4e- ® 4OH-
| +0.401
|
O2
| H2O2
| O2 + 2H+ + 2e- ® H2O2
| +0.682
|
O2
| H2O2
| O2 + 2H2O + 2e- ® H2O2 + 2OH-
| -0.076
|
H2O2
| H2O
| H2O2+2H++2e-®2H2O
| +1.77
|
H2O2
| OH-
| H2O2 + 2e- ® 2OH-
| +0.88
|
O3
| O2
| O3 + 2H+ + 2e- ® O2 + H2O
| +2.07
|
O3
| O2
| O3 + H2O + 2e- ® O2 + 2OH-
| +1.27
|
Pb2+
| Pb¯
| Pb2+ + 2e- ® Pb¯
| -0.126
|
Pb4+
| Pb2+
| Pb4+ + 2e- ® Pb2+
| +1.66
|
PbO2¯
| Pb2+
| PbO2¯ + 4H+ + 2e- ® Pb2+ + 2H2O
| +1.455
|
S¯
| S2-
| S¯ + 2e- ® S2-
| -0.464
|
S¯
| H2S
| S¯ + 2H+ + 2e- ® H2S
| +0.14
|
S4O62-
| S2O32-
| S4O62- + 2e- ® 2S2O32-
| +0.09
|
SO42-
| H2SO3
| SO42- + 4H+ + 2e- ® H2SO3 + H2O
| +0.17
|
SO42-
| SO32-
| SO42- + H2O + 2e- ® SO32- + 2OH-
| -0.93
|
SO42-
| S2O32-
| 2SO42- + 10H+ + 8e- ® S2O32- + 5H2O
| -0.76
|
SO42-
| H2S
| SO42- + 10H+ + 8e- ® H2S + 4H2O
| +0.31
|
S2O82-
| 2SO42-
| S2O82- + 2e- ® 2SO42-
| +2.00
|
Sb3+
| Sb¯
| Sb3+ + 3e- ® Sb¯
| +0.20
|
SbO3-
| SbO2-
| SbO3- + H2O + 2e- ® SbO2- + 2OH-
| -0.43
|
SeO42-
| H2SeO3
| SeO42- + 4H+ + 2e- ® H2SeO3 + H2O
| +1.15
|
SeO42-
| SeO32-
| SeO42- + H2O + 2e- ® SeO32- + 2OH-
| +0.05
|
Sn2+
| Sn¯
| Sn2+ + 2e- ® Sn¯
| -0.140
|
Sn4+
| Sn2+
| Sn4+ + 2e- ® Sn2+
| +0.15
|
Zn2+
| Zn¯
| Zn 2+ + 2e- ® Zn ¯
| -0.764
|
ZnS
| Zn¯
| ZnS + 2e- ® Zn¯ + S2-
| -1.40
|
СОСТАВ И ПОТЕНЦИАЛ НЕКОТОРЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПО ОТНОШЕНИЮ К СТАНДАРТНОМУ ВОДОРОДНОМУ ЭЛЕКТРОДУ ПРИ 200С
Электрод сравнения
| Состав электрода сравнения
| Потенциал, В
|
Стандартный водородный (СВЭ)
| Pt, H2(P = 101,3 кПа) | HCl, a (H+) = 1 ||
| 0.000
|
Каломельный (КЭ)
| Hg | Hg2Cl2, 0,1M KCl ||
Hg | Hg2Cl2, 1M KCl ||
Hg | Hg2Cl2, KCl нас ||
| +0.337
+0.284
+0,247
|
Хлорсеребряный (ХСЭ)
| Ag | AgCl, 0,1M KCl ||
Ag | AgCl, 1M KCl ||
Ag | AgCl, KCl нас ||
| +0.290
+0.237
+0.201
|
СРЕДНИЕ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТЫ АКТИВНОСТИ ИОНОВ (fi)ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ИОННОЙ СИЛЕ РАСТВОРА
Ионная
сила (I)
| z = 1
| z = 2
| z = 3
| z = 4
| Ионная
сила (I)
| z = 1
| z = 2
| z = 3
| z = 4
|
0.0001
0.0002
0.0005
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
| 0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.92
0.89
0.87
0.84
0.81
| 0.95
0.94
0.90
0.86
0.81
0.72
0.63
0.57
0.50
0.44
| 0.90
0.87
0.80
0.73
0.64
0.51
0.39
0.28
0.21
0.16
| 0.83
0.77
0.67
0.26
0.45
0.30
0.18
0.12
0.06
0.04
| 0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
| 0.80
0.81
0.82
0.84
0.87
0.89
0.92
0.96
0.99
| 0.41
0.42
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.63
0.72
0.83
0.96
| 0.14
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.27
0.36
0.48
0.66
0.91
| 0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.16
0.27
0.48
0.85
|