Typological Features of the Adverbial Clauses of Place (місця)

The distinguishing semantic and functional characteristic features of each adverbial clause in English and Ukrainian are common. These clauses they define: a) place or direction of the action/state in the matrix clause; b) they are introduced in English by the adverbial connectors where to, where/from, where, whence, wherever, everywhere corresponding to Ukrainian adverbial connectors де, куди, звідки.

The adverbial clause of place may be located in English and Ukrainian both in preposition and in postposition to the matrix clause. Cf.

Where there is a will, there is a way. Де вони проходили, ніщо не

(Proverb) брязнуло, не тріснуло... (Гончар)

Lupins grew where the springs ran. Ти пішов лейтенантом, де тане

(O'Dell) далечінь... (Сосюра)

A peculiar feature of Ukrainian subordinate clauses of place is the obligatory use of relative adverbial connectors and the correlating with

them adverbs, when the predicate verb in the matrix clause express motion. As a result, these connectors form with the relative adverb regular semantic units like тут/там — де/куди, звідки; туди — с куди, звідки; звідти — де/куди, звідки; скрізь — де/куди, звідки. Cf. Скрізь, де серце людське б'ється, славте месха Pycтавелі (Рильський) Я й справді бо... злітав аж ген туди, звідкіль мені земле була — як на долоні. (Тичина) Параска похитнулася, глянула туди, куди ткнула Зінька рукою. (Мирний)

The correlating adverbs in such Ukrainian complex sentences peform a constructive syntactical function which is especially evident in clauses expressing arbitrary location: Cf. Де б не був, всюди почуває себе запеленгованим. (Гончар) І де не ступить кований каблук, там квіти гніву ясно багряніють. (Сосюра)

Isomorphic, however, is the structure of English complex sentence with the subordinate clauses introduced by the adverbial group "where there." Cf. Where there are geese, there's dirt. Where there are bees there will be honey. (Proverbs)