2017-11-30
2455
It is not a simple thing for a tourist fron-l Europe to cross the street in London, because in Britain the cars keep to the left, and not to the right as in European countries and in Russia.
When English people want to cross the street thev tnust look first 10 the right and then to the left.
The traffic lights are like it is here. The red light savs "Stop", the yellow light says • 'XVait" and only when vou sce the green light, which says "Cross", vou may cross the street. People usually cross (he street at the black-and white "Zebra" crossing. If a person crosses the street in the wrong place, he is stopped by a policeman ("Bobby"), who stands at street corners regulating the traffic.
There are also women police in England. They have the same power as men. There are women detectives and women traffic police who re"ulate street traffic. But most of their work is looking after women andchildren. You can often see them patrolling parks and other places where children play,
Ex. 33. I Jpogwrai-frre CHaqana aqanor, a 110TOM •re-'Kcr OTMeTbTe Ha cxeMax RCKOMOe Mec-ro:
l. Passer-by: Excuse me. CCLlld vou tell me the wav to the Post OC
Policeman: Yes, certainly, tòllow this road for 300 yards, turn left, then first turn to the right and you'll see it on the right,
The route you must follow to get to the school. You come out of the house and turn left, then turn left into Hall Road and go straight along High Street up to the crossroads. Turn left into Green Street and take the first jeft turn into Stockwell Street. The post Office is on the left and the school is opposite it, on the corner of Green Street and Stockwcll Street.
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| •reKCTe |
| peHb |
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qacTb Tet<CTa nocB9Lueua...|
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The second part savs about (that)... BO B-ropoñ qac•cu roBopVlTCB
o...
IV. Thus we learn from the text about (that)... T aKHM 06pa30M, "3
•reKCTa MM Y3HaeM o (trro)...
Transport in London
If you want to travel by public transport in London, vou can go bv tube (the underground) or you can go by bus. There are two kinds of bus: doubledeckers and single-deckers. The double-deckers usuallv have a driver and a conductor. You on, and then you sit down: After that the conductor takes voter fare. But on the single-deckers you pay when you get on. There are no conductors. You pay your fare in a box behind the driver. The fare is always the same. But on the double-deckers, the fares are di ftëren-t.
On the double-deckers you can't stand on the top. You can onlv sit. And on the bottom deck only five people can stand when all 'the seats are full. In the rush bour the buses are often fu]]. The conductor often says: "Sorry, full up!" This means you can't get on. Or perhaps he says "Only two seats on top!" 
02
In the rush hour the tube is verv crowded. too. Perhaps vou can get a seat. But vou usuallv stand. \Vhen people get on. they push and shove. There are eight main lines. AL some stations you can change from one line to another, And the fares are all different.
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Ex. 35. Flo.l]h3Yflcb exeM0ïf, coc-raBbTe nuanor c nap-mepo_M (CM. cxeMY.
Part Il. Sights of Moscow
Ex. 36. [1013TopHTe,IHKTOP.M cneAVF01_11He c..10Ba C„1QBOCOqeT'dHHfl:
a) cultural, scientific, research. exhibition. architectural, heart, cathedral, unique. exhibit, associate, fëstivities, Mausoleum, St.Basil's, ancient. tomb, perpetual. without, sculpture, execution. 'äcility;
b) 
a cultural and scientific centre; lots of research institutes; exhibition halls; ceremonies and national celebrations; science; architectural monuments: the heart of Moscow, St. Basii l s Cathedral; a unique collection; exhibits associated with Russian historv, the Mausoleum; ancient times: a tomb of the Unknown Soldier, on thc tombstone; a perpetual name; without seeing: European painting and sculpture; the Kremlin Chimes: spart facilities. Notes:
tn see sighres — OCM•aTPHBaTb AOCT011PHMeqaTeJ(b110CTH sym to go (to do) sightseeing.
HeH03MOÞKHO OCMOTPCTb BCC nocTonpvtMeqare,1bHocvu MOCKBb1 ga OikHH iœHb.
to be rich in 306M]] OBaTb
The city is rich in historical monuments. 
H30íH.'1veT 
3. to be situated — pacnonaraTbC*
The Kremlin is situated in the centre of Moscosv.
KpeMfib pacr10A(DKeH B ueHTpe MOCKBbl.
4. exhibition, n — BblCTaBKa
Where is the Central Exhibition Hall situated? rAe pacnono»cea 
Yd.']?
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O tram stop
to ho]d an exhibition • nPOBOAhTb Bb'CsraBKY exhibit, n 3KcnonaT 
famous, a 3B',ÄMeHHTb1ii to be famous for — CJThBUTbC¶ qe.M-JlH60 Moscow is famous for its museums.
Moc.Kßa cnaBHTC¶ CBOVtMH MY3eflMH.
6, to be devoted to 
Monuments are devoted to outstanding people, rlawn-HHKH flOCBH1_1RHb1 
7. remarkable, a 3?1MeyaTeJ1bHb1ñ
The buildings of the Kremlin are remarkable museums.
KpeM.nq rupeJICTaB.T1flk0T c060V1 3aMeq•reJ1bHb1e MV3eH.
8. to be named after HOCHTb •HMS
Moscow Universitv is named alter M. Lomonosov.
MOCKOBCKHï1 VHHBepcwreT HOCUT HMfl M. J10M0HocoBa.
9 in front or, prep.—- nepen opposite to, prep. HatiPOTHB behind, prep. — [10'3aAH
Ex. 37. I IpoqHTaVfTe.nepeBeAHTe -reKCT «B».
Text "B"
Moscow
Foundcd in 147 by Yury Dolgoruky, Moscow has become the largest political, administrative, econornic and cultural centre in the country. Moscow is one of the world's scientific and arts centres. It is the seat of the Academv of Sciences of Russia, the home of many colleges, thousands of schools, lots of research institutes, There are over 100 museums and exhibition halls, dozens of theatres, hundreds of cinemas and libraries. Moscow is rich in historical and architectural monuments.
The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. The cathedrals, palaces, towers and buildings of the Kremlin are remarkable museums containing unique exhibits associated with Russian history. The Czar Bell and the Czar Cannon are the sights that attract many tourists as well.
There are many towers in the Kremlin. The Spassky Tower is the tallest tower and it has become one of the symbols of Moscow.
Red Square is one of the most beautiful squares in the world. In the
1 7th century the square was called "red" which means "beautifill" 
Slavic. The square has witnessed manv historic events. Here ceremonies. national celebrations and executions took place. In the centre of it you can see the Mausoleum near the Kremlin wall. On the south side of the square is St.BasiI's Cathedral. In the middle of' the 16th century Sl.Basil's Cathedral was built under Ivan IV (the Terrible) to celebrate the annexation of Kazan and Astrakhan. The Russian masters Posnik and built this architectural masterpiece.
The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is situated in front of the Cathedral. The monument was sculptured by Ivan Martos in classical style. It is devoted to the victory of 1612 war aoainst the Polish invaders.
On the east side of the square iS the laruest department store of the capital. On the north side of the square is the Historical N'luseum. IIS coilection covers the Russian historv from ancient times to the end of [he 1 9th century.
Not 1-år in the Alexandrovsky Garden is the tomb of the Unknown Soldier made of marble. [t is a holv place in Moscow. A perpetual flame burns on the tombstone which has the fòflowing inscription: "Your name is unknown but vour heroic deed is immortal"
Teatralnaya Square is the centre of Russian theatrical culture. with the famous Bolshov Theatre, the Malv Theatre. which is the oldest and largest drama theatre in the countrv, and 'With the Children's Theatre built
In the square we can see the monument to A.N.Ostrovskv in front Of the Malv Theatre, and the monument to Kar] Marx in the eentrc or the square opposite to the Bolshoy Theatre.
Moscow is famous for its monuments. You can find here monuments to outstanding writers, poets, scientists, revolutionaries. Perhaps. the most beautiful is the monulT1ent to Pushkin, the zreat Russian poet. It is situated in the centre of Pushk'inskava Square opposite to "Rossia" cinema. There are alvv•avs many people around. some of them bring flowers to the monunlent.
The most popular museums in Moscow are probablv the pusbkin Fine Arts Museum and the Tretvakov Gallery. The Pushkin Museum is situated in Volkhonka street. It has a fine collection or European painting and sculptures. The Pushkin Museum periodically holds exhibitions of the art of various countries. The Tretyakov Gallery is tåmous tar its unique collection of Russian art. Its founder, Pavel Tretyakov, began collecting
the finest works of Russian artists in 1 856. Thirtv-six years later he presented the collection to the city of Moscow.
In the South-West of Moscow we can see a 32-storey building of Moscow University with the rnonument to M.Lomonosov in front of it. The University was named after the great Russian scientist. The UniverSity was constructed in 1949-53. Later in the several new build. ings were added.
If vou turn vour back on the University, you will have a re-markable View the capital. Across the Moskva-river the central stadium in Luzhniki is situated, onc of the biggest sport centres in Europe.' There are manv sport faCilities in Moscow, among them are the Olympic complex, various stadiums. a number of swimming pools.
Ex. 38. COCTRBbTC 
Moscow is famous for its (cultural establishments, monu'nents, exhibitions halls, etc.)
2. The exhibition is devotcd to (Russian painting, science and technology medicine, etc.)
3. One of the best sights in the Kremlin is (the Uspensky Cathedral, the Czar Bell, the Palace of Congresses, etc.)
4. N'loscow is rich in (historical monuments. various sights, architectural monuments, famous theatres. exhibition halls, etc.)
Ex. 39. OrgeTbTe Ha Borspocsr:
When was Moscow founded?
2 Who was it taunded by?
Why do wc call Moscow a political centre? (a cultural centre, a scientific centre)
4, What is the heart of Moscow?
5 What can we see in the Kremlin?
6. Do you think Red Square is the most beautiful square in the country'?
7. Can you explain what the name "Red" means?
8. What is situated on Red Square?
9, What is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky devoted 10?
10. Where is the Tomb of the Unknown soldier situated?
I l. What is Teatralnaya Square famous for?
12. Is Moscow rich in monuments? What monuments in Moscow
do vou know'?
1 3. What are the most popular museums in Moscow?
14. Where is Moscow Univcrsitv situated?
15, XVhat sport facilities are there in Moscow'?
Ex. 40. PaccKaNHte:
l) O MocKBe KaK KVJ'bTVPHOM, 9KOHOMHqeCKOM H ueHTpe•, 2) 06 uctopuqectcnx nocTot1PÇlMeqamenbf10CTflX MocK11b1', 3) 06 apX1•t-reKTypHblx 
MOCKBb1•, 4) O ueHTpe MOCKBb1.
Ex. 41. npot1HTaiire MH(þopMaumo o pa311Hÿ11b[X H nepecKa}KM-
1. Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.
There is a law against building structures more than 90 tèet high in this city. In the verv centre of the city rises the large dome of the Capitol, the US Cangress. Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress. built to hold over 5 million books.
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Not far from there you can see the building or the National 
of Art. It has one of the finest collections or painting in America.
In Washington, too. is the White House, han-ue of the President. On the hill behind the White House we can see the tall structure of the Vvr ashi112t011 Monument.
Straight to the west of the Capitol runs Constitution Avenue where manv Departments (of Justice. Labour, Commerce, etc.) arc situated.
Washington has a subway system and there are also buses and streetcars.
Manv tourists come to 'Washington every year 10 see the nation's capitaf.
2. New York City is situated on the Hudson River. It is the financial cemre of the whole country. Wall Street with its banks and offices is the symbol or money. New York is also a great seaport. It is the centre of tun and entertainment as well, with a variety of theatres, cinemas, restaurants, night clubs. New York is an educational centre with Columbia and New York Universities and various colleges.
The heart of the city is Manhattan, a small island, 13 miles long and 2 miles wide. Here vou can find the famous Empire State building, Rockfeller Centre, Central Park, Times Square, Harlem, Broadway.
On thc southern coast of the island stands the bronze Statue of Libcay, given to the United States by France in 1886.
3. 
Moscow. Idaho. In the United States there are quite a few cit-ies and towns which are nanned after European cities. You will find London Paris, Rome. Geneva, Moscow, Odessa and others. In fifteen states, tar example, there are towns and settlements bearing the name of Moscow. One of the Moscows is the administrative centre of Idaho. 
How did these names of European cities appear on.the American continent'? In the eighties ot•the last century 3arge numbers of' people emigrated from Europe to America. People of different nationalities, among them Russians and Ukrainians, went to live in a new land'. but they did not foraet their native towns and villages. This is probably the origin of Idaho's Moscow.
Todav Moscow, Idaho. is a beautifill town. [l is situated on green hills and Iras a population of about people. Americans call it a Stu. dents' home because half of the people in il are students.
EX. 42. FIOCTaBbTe B CKOÕKf)X B HV>KHVEO BPe_MeHHVlO 
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are going to visit New York. Thcv (to live) in Calitòrnia. The trip to New York (to take) 13 hours. This (to be) what they are going to do in New York. From 9 to 1 2 they (to do) sightseeing, Thev (to see) the Empire State Building the beautiful building of the United Nations along the East River, and the Statue of Liberty. At 12 thev (ta have) lunch at a restaurant at Rockfeller Centre. From I to 5 they (to visit) the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Muscum- Then they (to have) a short rest and dinner. From 7 to 9 they (to listen) to a concert at Carnegie Han. After the concert tbcv (to stay) at a hotel for a night- Next morning Mr. and Mrs. Anderson (to return) to California.
Ex. 43. Ha OCHOBe 
42 COCTŽìBVl•e 
cynpyraMR
AHAepc01'
Ex. 44. IlocmaBbTe MHOPOTO'IBÜ B c.i0Ha, 
no CMsrc-qv. 3areM B ra6nnuv, B ROÄOHKV
C COOTBZ'TCTBYIOLIIHM HOMePOM. Bb111HLllHTe [lepBb1e ÕVKBbl CAOB r-'3 KJ1e•roK C -rot4KaMH M Bbl nonyqHTe Ha3BaH1te CTonnu. OTrauaVITe ee Ha3BaHHe:.
| o | ||||||||||
| o | ||||||||||
| n |
The sun shines in the daytime, and the al night.
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2. Take i! with your right. 
3. The lamp hangs.. the table.
4. I have few English books, but I have Russian books. 
falls in winter.
6. We... in Russia;
7. It is cold now, put on your 
8. Go to the right first, then turn to the 
9. You may go in, the door is 
10. We wear shoes on our 
l. Ms; father and mother at the factory.
Part Ill. Public Order Maintenance:
Words and Word Combinations to Be Learned:
l. No parking here. 
3,RCb HCT CTOflHKH.
No smoking here. 
3necb Henh3H K)'PHTb.
No littering here. 
3,qecb Henb3fl COPUTb.
2. It's prohibited... 
3anpeluaercq...
10 cross the street here nepexonwrß 3necb 
to sell foreign currency fip0Aaw,ìTb Ba-1K)TV to exchange foreign currencv 06MeHHBaTb 
to drink spirits here — pacr]HBaTb cr11-ipTHl,re Hat111TKH to drive a car in a drunken state noAHTb Mat_UAHV B HeTPe3BOM COCTO¶HMH. 
to shout - — KpqqaTs to take pictures here — 31tec.b 
to violate public order HapywaTb 06tuecTBeHHb1ìi nop¶A0K
3. Follow me! cnežwüre 3a MHOM!
4. This wav, please. — CkOAa, [10*anyVtcTa.
5. Is anything wrong with... — 11TO-HH6YAb CJIYYMIOCb c... 
your car? Bameÿf Mau_1HEIOä?
| vour |
| luagagc'.) |
| oat-aŽ1(0.M'? |
6. Will vou show me... flpe,tbqmrre Mlle, no)Kanvñcra,.. 
your papers?
your identity papers'? AOKY'B:te11Tb1, yu_toc10Bepflt01nHe IlldqHOC1b.
- vour passport? - - Bal-I] nacnopr. 
vour pass? npouy-cK.
vour identity card? - Bawe ynoc'l'0RepeHHe,IH'-IHOCTH. 
vour driver's license? - Bar_1iH BOA1•lTC'lbCKhC npa8a.
7. What's the matter'?-B ae.no?
8. Do vou need medical aid? - BaM HVÆHa 
110MOlUb? I'll call an ambulance (a doctor) H Bb130BV c.'Kop)'10 Me.AHUHHCRV}0 110MOL11b (Rpaqa). 
9. W'hat hotel are vou staving at? — B KaK0ii rocrvlflut«-' oc•raHORWIHCS'?
10. Do vou get me? — Bbl [í0H"Maere MC'H¶?
Sorry, i don't get vou. — 
He rlOHHMûkO Bac.
Speak a little slower (louder), please.
F0Bopwre (rpo,uqe).
}. lust a minute. — MMHVTV.
Wait a little, please. I loacr,£11Te HCMHOFD, no-Ahmyjicra.
12. What can I do For vou? — qeM xtorv no.MOHb Bay 0
Ex. 45. r Ipoqmai-i•re Boc.npougneÄMTe 
Good morning. Inspeclor Petrov. What's the matter?
Somethin@s wrong w-itll m v car. Inspector.
Your driver's license, please.
Here vou are.
- Wait a litt]c- I'lk call up the service station.
— Thank vou verv much. Inspector. 
Not at all.
Good afternoon. Inspector Petrov. It's prohibited to take pictures here.
Oh, I didn't know that, I'm sorry. 
Your identity papers, please.
Here you are.
Thank you.
Ill. Inspector Petrov. What's the matter?
Oh, I've lost my wallet.
Sorry, I don't get vou. Speak slower, please.
MV wallet is gone, Inspector.
Your identity papers, please.
But I say I've lost my wallet with atl my papers!
- What hotel are you staving at?
At "Cosmos".
Follow me, please. 1']1 take vou to thc local lililitia station.
IV. Good morning. Inspector Petrov. Is anything wrong with you? What can do for you?
I'm sorry, Inspector, but I don't tèel well.
Just a minute, ['Il call an ambulance.
Thank you very much, Inspector. — That's all right. V. Excuse me, I'm Inspector Petrov. No parking here.
— And shall I park my car?
Drive round the corner, please.
Thank you. Inspector, and how can get to the US Embassy from here?
Take the second turn to the right and drive on for about 2 km. You will see it on your right.
Ex. 46. [Ionpocwre HHOCTPaHUa:
— ClienOBaTb 3a 
— roBOP½Tb Me,aneHHee•, npeAbRBHTb BOÄHTe.11bCKHe npaga; ape,1bHBBTb AOKVMCHT61, 
JIHHHOCTb; 
- FIPeAbŸBhTh nponycK.
Ex. 47. C.w•aMMTI.: HHOCTPaHUY, '-ITO 3anpenaeHo•.
06Me1EMBarb Bamarry•,
(þ0Torpa(þnpoBaTb 311ecs;
Hapytllal'b 061_UeCTneHHb1ñ nop¶AOK;
— paci1HBaTb CllHPTHb1e HanHTKW, nepex'0AHTb 3aecb ynHuy.
Ex. 48. Cnpocme HHoc-rpaHUa, HTO cJ1yqunocb:
C HRM;
— c ero npyrm.r,
- c ero 
c ero Star_HHHOñ•, c ero oara)K0M.
Ex. 49. COCTaBb1•e H MH)1HUHOHePOM Ha OCHOBe Ana.r•oron (ynp. 45).
Ex. 50. COCTaRbTe EIOJIHJIOI' rpynnoä TYPhCTOB H3 CUIA 
MHnullHOHepoM.
Ex. 51. B 
rra6J1nue npHBeAeHb[ pa31kHt1H1,re BHAb1 npecTvnne11hìi H npocTyr1K0B. C)ae11HTe HX TSHœCTb 110 nqTH6aJ1.qhH0ñcvtc•re.Me (or — HaUMeHee AO 5 — w,1H60nee AYNÁ-oe):
How Serious is a Crime?
Criminal Act Rating
A. Sellinz drugs4 5
B. Kiltinz analher4 S
Ñ.4 5
4 5
E.4 5
F. 
Using a weapon3 4 5
G. Killing a police 2 3 4 
H. 
| D. |
| shop |
| without |
| pay- |
Selling porno films and books 3 4 
Crossing the street in the wrong place 3 4 5
L. Selfing tòreign currencý 2 3 4 5
M. Breaking public order in the presence of a 
4 5 police officer
Ex. 52. FIP04HraiTe TeKCT h BblCKTKPfTe CBOe MHenue: An arrest
Without question, the police play an important role inprotecting citizens from crime. They have special powers to do it. Poiice have the
1 13
power to investigate, which often means to stop and question persons. to arrest criminals and many others. Society gives to police the right to use force if necessary. We shall discuss now the problems of arrest.
What is an arrest? NVhen is person "under arrest"? Are you under arrest only if the police officer savs that you are? IF the police stop you in the street and ask you to explain why you are there and what yau are doing, are vou under arrest? If a police officer asks vou to follow him to the police station, are you under arrest?
These are difficult questions to answer. The anssvers are not clear and are discussed among police officers and judges. Basically therc are two views. Some say that a person is arrested the moment the police officer comes up to him and restrains' his freedom to walk away. Others sav that an arrest is an intent" of the police officer to take a person to the police station to charge3 him with crime. What do you think'? I) to restrain freedom — orpaHHHHTb CB060AY
2) an intent HaMepeHHe
3) to charge with a crime OÕBHHHTb B lipec.rytLTRllkff1 Ex. 53, nepeBe,rurre rreKCT JIHCbMC'HHO Ha pycCKHÖl R3btK.
Text "C"
A Noble Gangster
There was a time when the •owners of shops and business in Chicago paid large sums of money to gangsters in return for "protection". so racket is not a modern crime.
Six hundred years ago Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band ofsoldiers and began to live near Florence. When Italian citv-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood. gave his soldiers to princes who paid much money that he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men marched into a city-state and burned down a tèw farms. He went away when "protection" monev was paid to him. In this way Hawkwood made large sums of money. But the Italians liked him and respected him as a hero.
Lesson 4. GREAT BRITAlN. USA
Содержанке
1. Словообразование: З) аффиксация:
а) суффиксы: -ion, -ment, Л, -ful;
б) префиксы: in-, ип-, 2) словосложение; З) инверсия.
П. Грамматика 1) придаточные предложения условия и времени;
2) пассивный залог, 3) согласование времен;
4) косвенная речь
Ш. Тексты: Тем ”А” — Great Britain
Text “В” — United States America
Теп - York
Dialogues
Словообразование
В английском языке суцсствуют несколько способов словообразования:
1) аффиксация (с помощью суффиксов и префиксов); 2) словосложение; З) конверсия.
l. Для образования от глаголов отвлеченных существительных, обозначающих: а) действие или процесс; б) состояние или качество;
в) результат действия, употребляются суффиксы:
-ion (-tion, -ation), например: to act— action to form — formation 2) -ment, например:
to develop — development to govern — govemment to achieve achievement
Суффикс -fu1 СЛУЖИТ для образования прилагательных от cyuteствительных и означает наличие качества, например, 
helpful use useful
Суффикс -al также служит для образования прилагательных от существительных, например, music — musical emotion emotional
Префиксы in-, ип (перед 1: -il-, перед г: -1r-, перел т и р: -im-) могут присоединяться к различным частям речи, придавая им противоположное значение: 1) к глаголам, например: to таКе to иптаКе to раск to ипрасК
2) к существительным, например:
— inabi]ity experience — mexperience
З) к прилагательным и причастиям, например: friendiy — unfriendly written — unwritten.
Read and transIate into Russian:
to produce production to compose — composition to associate - - association to populate population to demonstrate— demonstration to detect detection to concentrate concentration 
power powerful beautv beauti ful cheer cheerful wonder—wonderful thank thankful
3. industry industrial 
typical continent continental situation situational finance - financial agriculture - - agricultural
4, known unknown possible - impossible popular unpopu lar polite
illogical regular irreeular attractive unattractive Important — unimportant pleasant unpleasant published — unpublished
Ex. 2. Translate the tòllowing words paying attention to the suffixes and prefixes. Use a dictionary when necessarv:
a) emplovment, development, achievement, requirement, environment, disarmament, improvement, establishment, government
b) commercial, professional, geographical, metallurgical, chemi-
cal. influential
c) independent, incapable, inactive, inconsiderable, incompetent, inconvenient, indifference, inevitable, inequality, insufficient
d) unchanoed, undesirablc, unemployment. unequal, uncxpected, unfortunate. unhappy, unhealthy, unti-iendlv, unknown. unlawFul, unoTcial, unprotected, unrcal, unsatisfactory.
П. Словосложение это образование новых слов путем соединения двух или более слов в сложное елово, наприbook + shop = bookshop
Ех. З. Translate the following words:
bathroom, bedroom, coffec-table, notebook, newspaper. text book, birthday, airport. shipbuilding, machine-building, ЬооКcase, newsagency, seaman
[П. Конверсия. В английском языке формы некоторых сушествительных совпадают с формами глаголов, но отличаются от них ударением существительные имеют ударение на первом слоге, а соответствующие им глаголы — па втором.
Прочитайте и запомните.
'export — to ех 'port
'import — to im'port
'comment - to E.om'nment
'record to re'cord
Passive Voice
(Пассивный залог)
1. Если подлежащее обозначает - лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, то глагол сказуемое употребляется в форме действительного (активного) залога.
The Paci1ic Осеап washes Russia in the East.
Уигу Dolgorukyfwnded Moscow in 147.
Если же подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающиЙся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в форме страдательного (пассивного)залога.
Russia iw washed by the Paci6c Осеап in the East. Moscow was founded Ьу Yuty Dolgoruki in 1147.
Часто Passive Voice (Страдательный залог) употребляется, когда
тот, кто выполняет действие, нам неизвестен или неважен. Например:
Не was asked а! the English)esson.
Его спрашивали на уроке английското языка.
English is spokcn in тапу countrics.
На английском языке говорят во многих странах.
Л. Времена страдательного залога образнотся при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.
to bc + Past Participle
При спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be, смысловой эке глагол имеет во всех временах одну 
ту же форму Past Panicipte (Participle П). Следовательно, время, в котором стоит глагол в страдательном (пассивном) залоге, определяется формой. в которой стоит вспомогательный глагол to 6€:
| lndefinite | Con1inuous | Pertect | |
| Present | I ат asked. | ат bein asked. | have Ьееп asked. |
| (was | was being askcd. | Е had Ьсеп hsked. |
| Future | asked. | sha1t have Ьееп asked. |
Ш. При образовании вопросительной формы Passive Voice (страдательного залога) вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:
Ат asked?
Меняспрашивают?
Shall be asked'? Меня спросят?
Have Ьееп asked?
Меняспросили?
When was the book written? Когда была написана книга?
lV. При образовании отрицательной формы Passive Voice (страдательного залога) частица not ставится после вспомога-тельного
rnarona:.
I am not asked.
I shall not be asked.
I have not been asked.
V. C MOIE1bHb1MH rnarOnaMH must, can (could), may (might); should, ought to, have to, be to naccLIBHaq {þopMa oõpa3yemcq c 110:MOLUbEO be H Past Participle (Participle Il) OCHOBHOTO rnaro„qa.
HanpHMep: This work must be finished today.
This report ought to be finished tonight.
That room cannot be used as a classroom.
This text has to be sent at once.
Ex. 1. Read and translate the following sentences in the Passive Voice: 
Thc first Russian University was {bunded in 1755.
2. The text has already been translated.
3. The Moscow Hagher School was set up in ] 975.
4. Books by Jack London are read by manv readers with great interest.
5. Many books by American writers have been translated into Rus-
6, When was our University set up?
7. This grammar rule is being discussed at the lesson today.
8. Was Moscow taundcd by Yury Dolgoruky?
9. Only English must be spoken in our lab.
10. What specialists are trained at the Moscow Law Institute?
I. All the exams will be passed by me well.
12.Some new phrases must be used in vour story.
Ex. 2. Choose a proper form (active or passive). Mind thc word order where necessary:
Russia (washes; is washed) by seas and oceans in the North and in the East.
2. The case (has investigated; has been investigated) successfully.
3. At our Institute the students (teach; are taught) English, German or French.
4. The University (founded; was founded) in 1 755.
5. My friend (has finished; has been finished) the translation of this exercise.
6. I am sure the exams (will pass; will be passed) successfully.
7. This event (is reporting; is being reported) in all newspapers.
8. Our English lab (equips; is equipped) well. It's interesting to work there.
9. (Did -write; was-written) his test without mistakes?
10. English (speaks; is spoken) at our English-tutorials.
I I. A very interesting competition (has organized; has Scen organized) by the chair oftöreign languages.
] 2. Specialists of high qualification (train: are trained) at the Moscow Lavv Institute.
Ex. 3. Chancže the following sentences from active to passive form.
Keep the same tense with each change:
The students saw this English film.
2. He left his notebook at home.
3. He has just finished his report.
4. I bought this book yesterday.
5. My friend has taken this newspaper.
6. He is working at his English successfully.
7. Did Yury Do'goruky fòund Moscow in 1 147?
8. The Pacific Ocean washes the territory of Russia in the east.
9. Sport plays an important role in educational process of our future militia officers.
i 0. The Law Institute trains future investigators, detectives for Moscow and the Moscow region.
I I. The students attend lectures and tutorials with interest.
1 2. You have done this exercise successfully.
13. You translated this text last time.
14. You can find many interesting books in our library.
15. You must learn as many new English words as vou can.
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English using Passive Voice: 
Hama ccpana OMb[RaCTC9 MOPRMH 0KeaH,RMH aa ceBepe H Ha BOCTOKe, (to wash).
2. B Haweii IDKone 06yqaK)T Tpe,M RHOCTPaHHblM R3b1KaM. (to teach).
3. 3Ta np06JleMa 
ceüqac B rreqa-rn. (to discuss).
4. Cneuna-ftb11b1M rupeAMeraM Hac 6vnyr 06vqaTb Ha rpeTbeM 
qergepTOM Kypcax. (to teach).
5 Во время занятия много говорилось о нашей будущей профессии (to speak of).
6. Я думаю, экзамены будут сданы нами успешно (to pass).
7. Московский юридический ИНСТИТУТ был создан в [975 й. (to set ИР).
8. На занятиях во английскому языку нужно говорить поанглийски. (to speak)
9. Тема ”Моя будимая профессия“ будет изучаться в следующем году. (to study.).
\0.Работа выполнена Вами хорошо. (to do)
I I.Меня спрашивали на прошлом практическом занятии. (to
12.Некоторые отрасли ПРОМЫШленно«зги в нашей стране высоко развиты. (to develop).
Сложные предложения с придаточным времени и условия
В придаточных предложениях времени и в значении бупущего времени употребляется Present lndefmite. В главном [1Ред,1Ожении сказуемое стоит в том времени, которое требуется по смысЛ\'. Придаточные предложения времени вводятся союзами: when (когда), till (пока; до тех пор пока), as soon as (как только), before (прежде чем; до того как), aRer (после того как), while (в то время как), untit (пока не).
Например: Please stay here until retum.
sha*l go for а walk as soon as [ fnish ту work.
Придаточные предложения условия вводятся союзами: if (если), unless (если не), например:
1fthe weather is good оп Sunday,»ve shall go to the country. Memorize the proverbs.
lfthe sky t%dIls, we shall catch larks.
Если бы, да кабы.
When pigs Ту. Когда рак на горе свистнет.
When two Sundays соте together. После дождичка в четверг.
lfyou сип aaer two hares, уои wili catch neither.
За двумя зайцами ПОГОнИШЬСЯ — ни одного не йоймаешь.
Ех. 5. Read and translate -the following sentences into Russian:
When Iny brother is 17. he will finish school.
You won't be able to Fight crime well if you are not a highly qualified specialist.
3, When he gives a lecture in administrative law, all students will listen to it with great interest.
4. Read this article on criminal law While I db the translation.
5. Please. return my English textbook if you don't use it,
6. Vv•e'll phone you as soon as he gives the answer.
7. Will you wait here until he comes,
8. I'll ask him to do it afier he finishes his work.
9. My wife and I will go for a walk before we have supper.
10.Speak to him about our plans when you see him.
I I. When she comes back, she will help us to do our homework.
12.1f he doesn't to the cinema, he'll ring us up.
13. All the students will have their practice when they-are in the third year.
14.1 f you don't learn these words, you won't be able to write the test.
1 5. When (have my holiday in August, I'l l go to the Caucasus.
Ex. 6. Put the verbs in the brackets into proper tense forrñs:
A farmer (to have) a friend who (to grow) verv goad apple trees. One dav he (to give) the farmer a small apple tree and (to tell) him to plant it. The farmer (to take) the tree and (to thank) his friend. But when he (to come) home he (not to know) where to planL it. "If I (to plant) it in my garden", the farmer (to think), "my son (to eat) the apples. If I (to plant) it near the road. other people (to eat) my apples". So he (to take) the tree to the forest and (to plant) it there. But the tree (cannot) grow without sunlight and soon it (to die),
Ex. 7. Translate into English:
EC}IH He xopomo 3HaTb OPA, Mbl He CMO>KZM paccne-
ADBaTb npecrrynneHH1.
2. Moïf 5paT 6yr.1er nocTynaTb B MIO", nocne Toro Kax BCPIRT(...:» "3 aPMHH.
3. Mbl Y3HaeM MHOro HOBoro u MHTepec.Horo. Korna 
KPHM HHUIHCTHKY.
4. 
CMOTPeTb ceroikHfl (þHJ1bM no TeneBH30py, ecnn 3'dK0Hqy nepeB0A cratbH.
5. Он зайдет к нам, прежде чем уедет в Минск.
6. Как только он Закончит с.Ј1"жить в армии, он пойдет работать в МИЛИЦИЮ!
7. Если Вы не будете ччить слова, Вы не сможете читать КниГИ на английском языке.
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь (Seguence of Tenses. Indircct Speeeh)
Согласование времен означает зависимость времени глагольного сказуемого придаточного предложения от времени сказуемого ГЈТВНОГО предложения. Если сказ\'смое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени. то сказуемое придаточного предложения тоже должно стоять в одном из прогпедших времен. В зависимости от соотношения действий главного и иридаточноса предложений употребляются следи-ошие временные формы в придаточном предложении:
1) для обозначения одновременного действия Past Indeftnite или Past Continuous, например:
knew that thev had ап English lesson cvery Mondav. knew that they were busy because they were having ап English lesson.
2) для обозначения предшествующего действия Past Perfcct, например:
knew that they had already had ап English less'on.
З) для обозначения последующего действия - Future in thc Рам, которое образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола sh0llld (для 1-го лица ел. и мн. числа) и would (для остальных лиц) и инфинитива СМЫСЛОвогО глагола без частицы ”to”, например: I knew that thev would have ап Enolish lesson the next day.
Косвенная речь
Речь, передаваемая не буквально, а по содержанию, в виде придаточного дополнительного предложения, называется косвенной речью.
При переводе повествовательного предложения в косвенн”Ю речь соблюдаются следующие правила:
l) повествовательное предложение вводится союзом that, который, однако, часто опускается;
2) личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по
cMb1cny, Itanpun.lep.
He says, "I'll finish my work verv soon." He says (that) he will finish his work very soon.
3) aocne raarona to say ½.MeeTCfi YK-agaHnc Ha nvtuo, TO B
KOCBCHHOñ perl" OH 3a.MeHge-Ttfl rJ1aFOJ10M to tell, wallfJHMep:
He says to me "1 1 m very busy". He tells mc that he is very
4) ecÄH c.KagveMoe B rnaBH0,M crowr B npowen 
BPeMeHH, TO rrpaBHJ10 cop.11aCOBaH"fl spe:qeH, Hanpus•tep•.
He said to me, "I'm very busy". He told me that he was very busy.
5) Y'Ka3areJlbHble 
Hapeqnn BPCMCHM n Mecra B
KOCBeHH017 pegu 3aMeHBIOTCR ClienV10111HM 06pa30M.• npqstaq pegb ROCBeunaq peyb
now then todav that dav
| tomorrow | the next day |
| yestcrdav | the day before before |
| next (vcar) | the next (year) |
| here
| there |
He said, "f saw him yesterday".
He said that he had seen him the dav before.
FIPH rtepeaone BoupocnTe."bHoro rtpennoxeHHB B KOCBeHHYHJ pet-lb COÕ.qeonaK)TCB Bblwe1tgno-,KeHUble npaBgna. 110MHMO 31-oro:
cnoB B KOCBeHHOM aoripoce raK0ü 'He, KaK B nogeCTRORareJ1bHOM upeA_nonœH1åM;
2) 06111Hñ Borrpoc BBOAHTC¶ COB30M if whether (cooTge•rcrBY12T qaCTHlIe "JIM" B PVCCKOM H3b1Ke), HanpHMep: He asked me, "Do you live in Moscow?" He asked me if] lived in Moscow.
3) •cneuøaDbHb'e BOOPOCb1 B KOCBeHHOÏf petlf-f BBOAflTC-q COOTBer 
BONPOCHTenbHb1MB CJ]OBaMH, Hanp.:
He asked us, "Where do vou live?" He asked us where we lived.
nepeBone 1106YLIHTeftb1ib1X npeAJIO>KeHH1i B KOCBeHHYEO petlb He06XOAHMO C06JIEOAaTb 
npagqna:
l) 11PHKa-3a11H¶ H npocb6b1 B KocgeHH01Y1 pequ 
rnaronOM to tell (BCJRTb), to order 
to ask (nonpocHTb);
2) rnaro-q B noge-1HTe„ThH0.M aaKJIOHCHHM 3a;Me11gemcfl HH(þHHHTMBOM OTPHIIEIHVËM not C HH(þUHHTHBOM crrpHua
TeJÆbH01ä 4)OPMbl, HanpHMep:
She said, "Help me, please".
She asked me to help her.
She said, "Don't be late."
She asked me not to be late.
Ex. 8. Translate into Russian:
My friend said that he had finished his scientific research the day before.
2. The teacher asked us when Byron was born. We said that Byron was born on Januarv 22, 1788,
3. Thev said that thev were going to take their exam in historv the next week.
4. I was asked if I knew about our meeting. I answered that should be there at 5 0'clock.
5. His sister told me that she would study medicine at the Institute.
6. The students said that the story for home reading was Verv interesting. They also said that they liked detective stories.
7. He said that he had served in the Far East two years befòre.
8. Wc were told that we could go in for difièrent sports at our school.
9. They asked when the seminar in Administrative Law would take place.
1 0.Mv friend said that he was very busy that week with his report.
t t.She said that she would speak to them if she saw them the next dav.
12.They asked me when was leaving for Omsk.
13. They told us to take part in the sport competition on Saturday.
14. We didn't know it' our friend Was married.
1 5. The students said that thev would study many new subjects the next year.
Ex. 9. Choose the right word.
l. He asked me if I had visited my friends (yesterday, the day before).
2. Thev said the conference in Criminal Law would take place (to. morrow, the next day).
3. I was asked when I was going to return (here, there).
4. lam sure that (this, that) is well-known all over the world.
5. He said he would take part in scientific work (next, the next) year.
6. They knew their friends were going to Kiev (now, then).
7. She said she had been to the city of Smolensk a year (ago, before).
8. We are told that •we shall take our English exam (next, the next
9. He said that the lecture in Criminalistics would take place (today, that day).
10.She said that we could find the articles in (these, those) journals.
1 1. They didn't know it thev would watch the football match (tomorrow, the next day).
Ex. 10. Change into indirect speech.
He said, "Bernard Shaw was given the Noble Prize for Literature
"When will the Music Festival take place in Edinburg?" she asked.
3. He said, "l shan't be able to attend the meeting tomorrow".
4. "Arc you going to visit your parents on Sundav?" they asked me.
5. MV friend said to me, "Please wait for me a little".
6. "How long were you doina homework?" the teacher asked us.
7. My friend said to me, "1 know that you are going to take patt in our scientific conference' 
8. She said, ' 'I have already met this man".
9. "Can vou help me translate this article?" my brother asked me.
10. The students said. "We have passed our exam in History" 
I I."Were you born in Moscow?" he asked me.
12. The teacher said to us, "Please bring your dictionaries for the next lesson'.
13.He said, didn't watch TV yesterday".
14.He said to us, "Don't tell anybody about it".
15. "What foreign languages do you study at your school?" she asked.
16. They said, "We haven't read today's newspaper yet'.
Ex. ll. Make the tòllowing sentences indirect.
He said,
"The students need more practice in speaking" "These exercises are too difficult tòr me'.
"1 don't feel well today".
"Nobody can do this work as well as my friend".
"I'll come back in a few minutes'.
"I have already seen this film".
2. He asked me,
"Where does your sister live?"
"How old are you?' 
"What time is it?"
"Where are you going?"
"How long have vou studied English?"
"Do vou like to' study al the Moscow Law Institute?"
3. [ didn't know,
"Where does she work?"
"Where did your brother go?"
"Does he know history well?"
"What is her husband's name?"
"When will he visit his friends?"
4. I said to him,
"Wait for me outside' 
"Come back in an hour".
"Don't tell anybody about it".
"Go to the cinema by bus".
"Bring me the textbook in economy" 
Text "A"
Ex. 1. Repeat after the speaker: The British Isles Ireland the European continent the United Kingdom Scotland
the North Sea the Atlantic Ocean
Snowdon the Severn the Thames, Birmingham
Manchester
Liverpool
Glasgow
Cardiff
Sheffield
Newton
Edison
Darwin
St. Paul's cathedral the Houses of Parliament WestminÈter Abbey
Buckingham Palace
Trafalgar Square
Hogarth
Gainsborough
Reynolds
Turner
Constable
Ex. 2. Repeat the tòllowing word combinations and phrases after the speaker:
a number of small islands the south coast
joined by canals the climate is mild the thick fog a very typical feature highly developed industries coal and metal countries iron and steel industry a centre of engineering and chemicals
a shipbuilding centre rural areas urban districts great scientists a typical feature
