2017-12-14
3048
1. At railway terminals, announcement boards display information about trains’ departures and arrivals.
2. The dispatcher's job is to control the movement of trains on the definite section of the track.
3. Bombardier's double-deck railway cars are used on suburban trains in Germany.
Упр. 4. Степени сравнения прилагательных
(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Укажите степень сравнения прилагательных.
1. The first rails were made of cast iron but when traffic became heavier, it was found that cast iron was too brittle and wore too quickly.
2. The underground railway is the quickest, safest, the most reliable and comfortable means of city transport.
3. Diesel and electric locomotives are cleaner, more efficient and require less maintenance than steam locomotives.
(B) Перепишите предложения, употребив прилагательные в скобках в сравнительной или превосходной степени, и переведите их.
1. TheKonkanRailway in India crosses 2,134 bridges and viaducts. This rail line has (tall) viaduct in Asia (its height is 64 m) and (long) railway tunnel in India (its length is 6.5 km).
2. G. Westinghouse invented a system of air brakes that made travel by train much (safe).
3. (Convenient) and (fast) way of freight transportation by railways is the container.
Упр. 5. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.
1. The fast train for London departs from platform № 2.
2. Before the invention of steel, the railway cars were made of wood.
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3. Steven Roberts designed the T-rail in 1830.
4. On this dangerous section of track, trains usually decrease their speed.
5. Train fares will go up by seven percent next week.
Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.
Kuibyshev Railway
The Kuibyshev Railway (KR) is among the country’s largest mainlines. It links European Russia with the economically vital regions of the Ural and Middle Asia. It runs across 3 republics and 7 regions.
The KR is one of the oldest railways in Russia. Its history dates back to the Morshansk-Syzran line put into operation in 1874. This line was 520 km long; it operated 42 steam locomotives, 47 Morse apparatus, 530 freight cars, 52 passenger carriages and 15 baggage cars.
In 1875, the decision was taken to span the Volga River by a bridge at Syzran, a town 400 km from Samara. Nikolay Belelyubskiy, an outstanding Russian scientist and bridge engineer was in charge of construction works. The special importance of the bridge was that this was the only rail link between Central Russia and Siberia. As bridge construction was a matter of national importance, it was personally supervised by Tsar Alexander II. 7 million gold rubles were spent to carry out the project. The inauguration of the bridge took place on August 30, 1880. The 1.5 km girder bridge had 13 spans 110 meters each. Until 1919, its official name was Alexander Bridge.
Nowadays, the KR as a branch of RZD Joint-Stock Company provides sustainable development1 of the Volga-Urals economic region. It has 5 divisions: Samara, Ruzaevka, Penza, Ulyanovsk, Bashkiria. The operating length of the KR is 11.5 thousand km; 7.2 thousand km are main-line tracks. There are over 330 stations, including 6 marshalling yards. The railway operates 23 locomotive and car depots to maintain and repair rolling stock.
Freight traffic is a top priority for the KR. Among the most important goods transported are oil and oil products, chemicals, timber, cement, construction materials, automobiles, etc. Annually, over 60 mln tons of freight is carried by the KR. The introduction of advanced technologies into rail industry ensures safe and timely delivery of goods.
More than 30 mln people are transported by our railway every year. Passenger traffic is provided by long-distance trains, including named trains, as well as by local trains. Electrical multiple-unit trains are very popular among people living on the territory served by the KR. Every year, 25 million people travel by commuter trains.
Note: 1sustainable development – устойчивое развитие
(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.
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1. инженер-мостостроитель
2. дело государственной важности
3. мост с балочным пролётным строением
4. акционерная компания Российские железные дороги
5. эксплуатационная длина железной дороги
6. для обслуживания и ремонта подвижного состава
7. внедрение передовых технологий
8. безопасная и своевременная доставка грузов
9. фирменные поезда
10. поезда местного сообщения
(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.
1. Does the KR run across 3 countries and 7 regions?
2. Is the KR the oldest railway in this country?
3. Was the length of the first section of the KR 520 miles?
4. Did steam locomotives draw trains in the 19th century?
5. Were 7 million gold rubles spent to carry out the project of constructing the rail bridge?
6. Did the official opening of the bridge at Syzran take place on August 30, 1980?
7. Is the operating length of the KR 7.2 thousand km?
8. Does the introduction of advanced technologies into rail industry ensure safe and timely delivery of goods?
9. Are named trains used to carry freight such as oil and oil products, chemicals, timber, cement, construction materials, automobiles?
10. Do 25 million people travel by commuter trains annually?
ВАРИАНТ 2
Упр. 1. Формы Simple (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.
(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
Model: The train departs at 7 pm. Поезд отправляется в 7 часов вечера.
departs – Present Simple Active (to depart)
1. In 1808, Richard Trevithick built a circular railway in London's Torrington Square. Steam carriage ‘Catch Me Who Can’ weighed 10 tons and moved at a speed of 15 mph.
2. The railway network connects all the major cities in Britain, and via the Channel Tunnel, links Britain with France and Belgium.
3. The first railways were constructed in the 16th century but until 1804, only horsepower was used to haul cars.
4. Electrification of the line will allow a doubling of train weights to 6,000 tonnes.
5. Various kinds of freight, which require protection against unfavorable weather conditions, are carried in boxcars.
(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную видовременную форму, и переведите их.
1. A diesel engine (to belong – Present Simple Active) to the class of internal combustion engines.
2. After the reconstruction of the old railway bridge, the speed of trains (to increase – Future Simple Passive).
3. In the 1860s and 70s, Pavel Melnikov (to play – Past Simple Active) a key role in the expansion of the railway network throughout European Russia.
4. In Europe, double-deck passenger coaches (to use – Present Simple Passive) in four-or five-car sets on suburban lines where traffic (to be – Present Simple Active) very heavy.
5. At the first railways, sleepers (to lay – Past Simple Passive) down along the railway track.
Упр. 2. Оборот there + to be
(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их.
1. There was one case of derailment of a freight train on a section of line at Bexley, Britain.
2. There are plans to open a new high-speed rail line between London, Manchester and Leeds running at up to 180 mph.
3. There were a lot of passengers waiting for the local train arrival on the platform.
(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол to be в нужную форму, и переведите их.
1. There to be one minute left before the train leaves. (Present)
2. The construction of the first tunnels required much time, effort and money because there to be no special equipment for it and only manual labor was used.(Past)
3. There to be a considerable increase in passenger traffic in summer. (Future)
