2017-12-14
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The Verb. Present Tense. (Глагол. Настоящее время).
Verbs are used to name an action or state. Verbs play a specific role in a sentence. It is not often that the verb is used separately; as a rule, it is used in a combination of words which depend on it or with the forms of the related words. Actions expressed by verbs may take place at different time; therefore, the verbs have three tense forms: present, past and future. Verbs in the dictionaries are given in their initial form of infinitive.
The present tense form is used when we speak about the action which:
a. take place at the moment of speech:
– Что ты делаешь?
– Я читаю.
b. take place constantly:
Он хорошо читает.
Люди работают и отдыхают.
c. began earlier and continue at the moment of speech:
– Я работаю, а он учится.
– Я живу в Москве.
The actions can be performed by a person who is speaking, by the one he is speaking to, or by the third person, as well as by one of several persons. Thus, the verb in the present tense has the forms of a person and number and acquires the corresponding endings.
In accordance with their personal endings verbs fall into two groups – verbs of the 1st conjugation (there are lots of them) and verbs of the second conjugation (they are much fewer in number).
Imperative.
The form of imperative is used to express a request, an advice, an order, and a demand to carry an action, to invite to an action.
Imperative is formed from the stem of the verb in the form of first person.
If in the first person -ю follows a vowel, the imperative form ends in - й.
Читатья чита ю чита й (-те)!
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Слушать я слуша ю слуша й (-те)!
If in the first person -ю (-у) follows a consonant, and the stress falls on the ending, then the imperative form ends in -и.
Говорить я говорю говор и (-те)!
Учить я учу уч и (-те)!
If in the first person -ю (-у) follows a consonant, and the stress falls on a stem, then the imperative form ends in -ь.
Верить я верю вер ь (-те)!
Резать я режу реж ь (-те)!
The Accusative case 4 (of an object).
To name an object (a person or a thing) to which the action refers, you need to put the question что? – if thenouns are inanimate,or кого? – ifthe nouns areanimate (people, living beings) and put the noun in the accusative case (4).
Adverbs. Adverbs of manner. (Наречия. Наречия образа действия).
Adverbs are used to show how the action takes place, to determine a character of action. The adverbs fall into several groups depending on their meaning and the question they answer.
Adverbs of manner modify a verb and like all adverbs are invariable.
(хорошо =/= плохо, легко =/= трудно, красиво =/= некрасиво)
The majority of adverbs of manner ends in - o.
УРОК 5. LESSON 5
GENDER AND NUMBER OF ADJECTIVES (NOMINATIVE CASE). USE OF ADJECTIVES AND CORRESPONDING ADVERBS. INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE VERBS ЛЮБИТЬ, ХОТЕТЬ, МОЧЬ. PRONOUN СВОЙ, ЭТОТ, ЭТА, ЭТО, ЭТИ (ТОТ, ТА, ТО, ТЕ). ACCUSATIVE CASE OF ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
