Комментарии (commentary). The use of the verb aspects in the future tense

 

The use of the verb aspects in the future tense.

Perfective (CB) verbs indicating the unity of action, its completion can’t have the present tense, thus they are used only in the past or future tenses. Moreover, a verb in the future tense has the same endings as the imperfective verb in the present tense (the simple future).

To show an aim of performing a concrete single action in the future, you need to use a perfective (CB) verb.

 

The accusative case (direction). Verbs of motion.

 

In order to ask about the place a motion or an action is directed at, а question куда? should be asked. In an answer to this question, as well as in an answer to the question где?, – the prepositions в and на are used. The noun determining the place the action is directed at is used in the accusative case.

There is a special group of verbs in Russian, the so-called verbs of motion. Their peculiarity is that one and the same mode of motion may be named by two verbs. They are all imperfective. There are 14 pair 8 pair are most frequently used. To define a group (a group идти or ходить) that must be used in the given situation, we should, beak in mind how the motions is executed.

1) whether directions indicated or not;

2) whether the motion is in one direction or in the opposite directions.

 

Verbs of the group идти

 

1. A motion in one direction only (a movement in one, concrete direction, single or repeated). Ex.: Я иду в театр.

 

Verbs of the group ходить

1. A motion there and back (single or repeated). Ex.: Вчера я ходил в театр. Я часто хожу в театр.

 

2. A motion taking place in various directions. Ex.: Дети бегают в саду.

 

3. A motion as a property or skill. Ex.: Люди ходят, птицы летают, рыбы плавают.

 

In the present tense the verbs of the group идти are most frequently used when the conversation is held at the moment of movement.

 

Ex.: – Куда ты идёшь?

– Я иду в университет.

 

In the past tense the verbs of the group идти without prefixes, as a rule, are not used independently. The action expressed by such a verb usually serves as a background for another action or information.

 

Ex.: Мы шли в театр и разговаривали. Мы шли в театр 40 минут.

 

But:

Вчера я ходил в театр.

Летом я ездил в Москву.

 

In order to express desire or intention to go somewhere, prefix no- and a verb of the group идти should be used.

Ex.: Завтра я пойду в театр. Скоро я поеду в Петербург. Я хочу поехать в Москву.

Verbs пойти, поехать are of perfective aspect.

Note the use of the verbs of motion of the group идти in figurative meaning:

Ex.: Время идёт (бежит, летит). Дни бегут. Годы летят. Часы идут. Облака плывут.

Time moves in one direction only, therefore, the verbs of the group идти are used.

 

 

Verbs of motion (without prefixes)

 

Группа 2 группа

 

идти ходить

On foot

ехать ездить

On any kind of transport

лететь летать

By air

плыть плавать

By water

бежать бегать

Faster movement on foot

нести носить

Shifting of a static object with no transport involved

везти возить

Shifting of an object using any kind of transport

вести водить

Shifting of the moving object (living) with no transport involved

УРОК 11. LESSON 11

VERBS OF MOTION OF THE GROUP ИДТИ / ХОДИТЬ WITH THE PREFIXES ПО- ПРИ- GENITIVE CASE OF NOUNS, PERSONAL PRONOUNS, ADJECTIVES IN NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS, IN CONSTRUCTION «У МЕНЯ ЕСТЬ …» AND FOR DENOTING THE PLACE OF STARTING MOTION. GENITIVE CASE WITH THE WORDS DENOTING AMOUNT OF OBJECTS AND MEASURE OF SUBSTANCE