2017-12-14
736
The Genitive Case.
1. If we state that something or somebody is in a certain place, the construction Где есть что (кто) is used. Ex.: Здесь есть автобусная остановка.
An impersonal construction Где нет чего (кого)? is used to negate the presence of anything or anybody in any place. A noun or a pronoun determining what is being negated is used in the genitive case. Ex.: Здесь нет автобусной остановки.
2. A special construction У кого есть что (кто)? exists in the Russianlanguage to indicate possession. A noun or a pronoun proceeded by the preposition у denotes a person or a subject in possession of something, and is always used in the genitive case.
In order to find out about possession of something, a question у вас есть …? should be asked.
The verb есть is used only in the present tense. In the past and future tenses the same construction with the verb быть is used in the past and the future tenses respectively.
The verb есть is used when the presence of something or somebody is found out or established.
The verb есть is never used in case a quality, a quantity, a reason, a state, an action or an event are emphasized.
The construction У кого нет чего (кого)? is used to denote that any person or any subject doesn’t have something. A noun or a pronoun determining what is being negated is used in the genitive case.
The sentence with the words нет, не было, не будет is impersonal (a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case is missing), thus the question кто? or что? should not be asked.
3. In order to name the initial point of motion, a question откуда? should be asked. In answer to this question prepositions из and с are used with the noun in the genitive case. The choice of a preposition depends on the place a person or a subject was before the motion began. In this case the verbs of motion with the prefix при- (пришёл, приехал) are used. Ex.: – Откуда вы приехали? – Мы приехали из Индии.
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4. To name an owner of an object, to determine him with another object, to show the characteristic feature of a person, or an object, you need to use the genitive case without preposition.
A noun in genitive case in this case answers the questions чей? чья? чьё? чьи? (кого?). Ex.: брат друга, стихотворение Пушкина.
If a person in whose possession the subjects, is denoted, or какой? какая? какое? какие? (кого? чего?). Ex.: вечер дружбы, учебник русского языка, собрание студентов.
In the combination «noun + noun» the second word is usually used in the genitive case.
The genitive case is used after several words to show the object of achievement, wish, dismission (добиться успехов, достичь цели, ждать счастья, искать ответа).
If after verbs ждать, искать, просить, требовать, хотеть there is a concrete noun, then the accusative case is used (ждать сестру, искать очки, просить ручку, требовать пропуск).
If after those verbs there is an abstract noun, then the genitive case is used (ждать ответа, искать понимания, просить внимания)
5. The numeral один (одна, одно), as well as compound numerals ending in 1 agree with a noun in gender, number and case.
Numeral два belongs to the masculine and neuter nouns, whereas numeral две belongs to the feminine nouns. Other numerals don’t change for genders.
After the numerals 2, 3, 4, as well as after compound numerals ending in 2, 3, 4, the nouns are used in the genitive case, singular.
After the numerals 5, 6 – 20, 30, … 100 the nouns are used in the genitive case, plural.
6. In an answer to the question когда? all parts of the date, i.e. the date itself, month and year are used in the genitive case. In the compound ordinal numerals it is the last word only that is changed. For example: Он родился двадцать пятого мая тысяча девятьсот семьдесят восьмого года.
In an answer to the question когда? the numeral denoting the exact date is used without preposition.
УРОК 12. LESSON 12
INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE WORD ДОЛЖЕН. DATIVE CASE OF NOUNS (SINGULAR AND PLURAL) DENOTING THE RECIPIENT. DATIVE CASE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND OF ADJECTIVES. DATIVE CASE OF NOUNS DENOTING THE AGE, IN IMPERSONAL SENTENCES, WITH PREPOSITION ПО
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