Контрольное задание 5

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание 5, необ­ходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Функции слова AS

2. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Pre­sent Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях оп­ределения и обстоятельства.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Gerund

4. Бессоюзное подчинение

 

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)

1. The changes affecting the composition of materials are called chemical changes.	Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическими изменениями.
Affecting - Participle I, определение.
2. When heatedto the boiling point water evaporates.	Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испа­ряется, (или: При нагревании до точ­ки кипения вода ис­паряется.)
(When) heated — Participle II, обстоятельство
3. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth.	Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю
radiated — Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate.

ВАРИАНТ 1

 

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоя­тельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите пре­дложения на русский язык

1. The atoms forming our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.

2. Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing.

3. This kind of treatment when used makes the metals heat-resistant.

4. When passing through an electroscope, X-rays cause its discharge.

 

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык

1. The instruments our plant produces help to automate pro­duction processes.

2. This means both men and women attend the same university.

3. The methods we have just described are very effective.

4. Any mineral a metal can be obtained from is called an ore.

 

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения AS

1. As I live far from the Institute I have to take a tram.

2. Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.

3. The gravitation force between two bodies gets smaller as the bodies get farther apart.

4. Many metals are found in pure state as well as in combination.

IV. Translate the sentences

1. Increasing pressure leads to the decrease of gas volume.

2. The diamond is used for cutting metals as it is the hardest of stones. 3. You may use this instrument for measuring gas pressure.

4. The task of the factory was producing corrosion-resistant polymers in far larger quantities.

5. The use of water reducing admixture is effective in increasing the strength of concrete mixtures.

 

V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста THE MOST IMPORTANT BUILDING MATERIALS

 

1. The designer must be able to select such materials of construction that will give the most effective result by the most economical means. In this choice of materials for any work of construction, the civil engineer must consider many factors. These factors include availability, cost, physical properties of materials and others.

2. The most important building materials may now be considered to be structural steel and concrete. Steel has come into general use with the development of industry. Concrete may be considered an artificial conglomerate of crushed stone, gravel or similar inert material with a mortar which has the capacity of hardening into a rocklike mass. The fundamental object in proportioning concrete or mortar mixes is the production of a durable material of requisite strength, watertightness and other essential properties at minimum cost. To attain this end careful attention must be given to the selection of cement, aggregate, and water.

3. Glass and plastics are also widely used nowadays in the construction of different kinds of buildings. The raw materials employed in the manufacture of glass are limestone, sand, soda ash, sodium sulphate, cullet (broken glass), and a small amount of alumina. Glass is unaffected by gases and most acids. Plastics is a name for various organic derivatives of resin, cellulose, and protein.

Notes: end = object цель soda ash кальцинированная сода

VI. Прочтите 1 абзац текста и ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What factors must the civil engineer consider in the choice of materials for any work of construction?