Способи утворення ступенів порівняння

Практичне заняття №5

Тема: Переваги Болонського процесу в Україні

І. Робота над текстом за темою заняття.

1. Прочитайте текст. Випишіть за словником незнайомі слова. Перекладіть текст українською.

What is the Bologna Process?

The Bologna Process is a European reform process aiming at establishing a European Higher Education Area by 2010. It is an unusual process in that it is loosely structured and driven by the 46 countries participating in it in cooperation with a number of international organisations, including the Council of Europe.

This probably did not really answer the question. It comes down to the following:

By 2010 higher education systems in European countries should be organised in such a way that:

· it is easy to move from one country to the other (within the European Higher Education Area) – for the purpose of further study or employment;

· the attractiveness of European higher education is increased so many people from non-European countries also come to study and/or work in Europe;

· the European Higher Education Area provides Europe with a broad, high quality and advanced knowledge base, and ensures the further development of Europe as a stable, peaceful and tolerant community.

This goal is rather ambitious and it is not connected only to the Bologna Process. However, within the Process, the necessary tools for achieving these goals are being developed and implemented.

Before we move further along, two things should be made clear:

The Bologna Process is not based on an intergovernmental treaty.

There are several documents that have been adopted by the ministers responsible for higher education of the countries participating in the Process, but these are not legally binding documents (as international treaties usually are). Therefore, it is the free will of every country and its higher education community to endorse or reject the principles of the Bologna Process, although the effect of “international peer pressure” should not be underestimated.

It is not foreseen that by 2010 all European countries should have the same higher education system.
On the contrary, one of the very valued features of Europe is its balance between diversity and unity. Rather, the Bologna Process tries to establish bridges that make it easier for individuals to move from one education system or country to another. Therefore, even if e.g. degree systems may become more similar, the specific nature of every higher education system should be preserved. If not, what would be the point to go somewhere else to study if what one studies is going to be the same as back home? The developments within the Bologna Process should serve to facilitate “translation” of one system to the other and therefore contribute to the increase of mobility of students and academics and to the increase of employability throughout Europe.

2. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

a) What are the principles of the Bologna process in higher education?

b) Do you think Ukraine follows the principles of the Bologna declaration? Why?

c) Can you name any steps which make our university closer to the European system of higher education?

d) Would you like to be a part of Bologna Process? Why?

e) What advantages and disadvantages of Bologna process can you name?

І. Граматичний матеріал. Тема: Прикметник. Ступені порівняння прикметників; Прислівник. Ступені порівняння прислівників

Якісні прикметники мають три ступені порівняння:

- позитивний;

- вищий;

- найвищий.

Способи утворення ступенів порівняння

а) У односкладних (не більше двох складів) прикметників – за допомогою суфіксів.

Розгляньте таблицю односкладних прикметників та зверніть увагу на правопис.

Позитивний ступінь	Вищий ступінь	Найвищий ступінь
fine clean hot happy	fin er clean er ho tter happ ier	(the) fin est (the) clean est (the) ho ttest (the) happ iest

б) У багатоскладних (більше двох складів прикметників) – за допомогою додавання особливого слова.

Позитивний ступінь	Вищий ступінь	Найвищий ступінь
difficult wonderful useful	more difficult more wonderful more useful	(the) most difficult (the) most wonderful (the) most useful

в) Виключення з правил:

Позитивний ступінь	Вищий ступінь	Найвищий ступінь
good well bad many much little far old	better worse more less farther, further older, elder	(the) best (the) worst (the) most (the) least (the) farthest, (the) furthest (the) oldest, (the) eldest

(Більш детально див. підручник Верба Л.Г., Верба Г.В. Граматика сучасної англійської мови. Довідник. – К.: Логос, 1999. – С. 145-147 (прикметник), 174-175 (прислівник).

Вправа 1. Утворіть ступені порівняння наступних прикметників:

Short, long, busy, poor, nice, clever, polite, pretty, shy, merry, early, sweet, talented, interesting, beautiful, unpleasant, comfortable.

Вправа 2. Визначте ступінь порівняння, перекладіть речення.

1. The longest river in Ukraine is the Dnieper.

2. He is my best friend.

3. This text is more interesting than that one.

4. The more you learn, the better you know.

5. The nearer the winter, the colder the days.

6. Cotton is more flexible than linen.

7. Cotton fibres are smoother, stiffer and straighter than wool.

8. Fibres saturated with water are 20 per cent stronger than dry ones.

Вправа 3. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи потрібну форму ступенів порівняння.