2020-04-12
1700
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which produces characteristic tuberculosis changes in the lungs. This disease may also affect other organs: bones, joints, lymphatic glands, kidneys, etc. The causative agent of tuberculosis was discovered by Koch in 1882.
In the early stage of tuberculosis the patient usually complains of a general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and body weight. Cough may be dry or productive, i. e. with sputum discharge. Coughing becomes worse at night and in the morning. Coughing is accompanied by a considerable discharge of sputum.
Sputum is mucopurulent. Its microscopic examination reveals a large number of pus corpuscles, erythrocytes, and tuberculosis organisms. Blood in the sputum is sometimes the first sign of tuberculosis. If large blood vessels are involved, the discharge of blood may become profuse.
Fever is one of the permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. In benign processes the body temperature is often subfebrile. In active forms it may range from 38 to 39°C.
People who are ill with tuberculosis can infect up to 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without the proper treatment up to two thirds of these people die.
Read the questions in A, choose and read the correct answers in B / Прочитайте вопросы в колонке А, выберите и прочитайте правильные ответы в колонке B
| A | B |
| 1. What is pulmonary tuberculosis caused by? | a) Fever is one of the permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. |
| 2. What organs may this disease affect? | b) Cough may be dry and productive, with sputum discharge. |
| 3. Who discovered the causative agent of tuberculosis? | c) This disease may affect bones, joints, kidneys and lymphatic glands. |
| 4. What does the patient complain of in the early stage of tuberculosis? | d) Robert Koch did. |
| 5. What can you say about “cough”? | e) The patient complains of a general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and body weight in the early stage of tuberculosis. |
| 6. What is the first sign of tuberculosis? | f) Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| 7. What is one of the permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis? | g) Blood in the sputum is the first sign of tuberculosis. |
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Fill in the gap / Заполните пропуски используя слова в рамке
| loss tuberculosis sputum |
Common symptoms of active lung …………… are cough with ………… and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight ………...., fever and night sweats.
Level B
Vocabulary
| pulmonary – легочный affect – поражать (болезнью); производить действие, воздействовать causative agent – возбудитель stage – стадия, ступень malaise – недомогание fatigue – усталость, утомление loss – потеря, утрата sputum - мокрота pus – гной involve – поражать, вовлекать (в патологический процесс) | profuse – обильный, чрезмерный permanent – постоянный, неизменный benign – доброкачественный, излечимый; неопасный elevation – повышение; поднятие perspiration – потение, потоотделение; пот; испарина evidence – очевидность; основание; доказательство; показание; признак(и) night sweats – ночной пот weight loss – потеря веса bacterium (pl.bacteria) – бактерия to infect - инфицировать |
Reading
Read the text “Blood” and do the exercises after it.
