2020-06-08
1087Сегодня мы начинаем подготовку к сдаче экзамена по английскому языку.
Сегодня я даю тренировочные задания на чтение, лексику и грамматику. Задания выполнить до 21. 05 и выслать сообщением В контакте. или на почту oks37636395@yandex.ru
Чтение. Задание 1
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Personal preferences
Surprising figures
Realising the need for variety
Internet in business
False impressions
Time is needed
Different cultures, different needs
A challenge for translators
A. English is so often used on the Internet that it might make you think that everyone in the world speaks English, or at least give you the impression that it is the world’s most widely-spoken language. If this were true, it would, of course, bring benefits for worldwide communication and understanding, though that it could also possibly become a threat to cultural diversity. English certainly seems to be everywhere, from films to pop music and TV, and from business to science and other fields.
B. Information varies, but suggests that about 75% of the pages on the Web are in English. Yet English is the mother tongue for only 5.4% of the world’s population, while further 7% of the world’s population are proficient speakers of English. This means that only around 12% of the world’s population can communicate well in English. This figure is nowhere near the total number of people speaking Chinese languages, which, at 20.7%, is much higher.
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C. More and more people are accessing the Internet nowadays, including many companies wanting to conduct e-business. As a consequence, the position of English is beginning to change. Both Europe and Asia are growth areas, with businesses increasing their use of the Internet and people would apparently rather buy things online if they can order in their own language.
D. It has been predicted that by 2003 only one third of Internet users will be speakers of English. As a result, companies wanting to reach world markets are beginning to realize that they will have to translate their websites for the various customers.
E. However, creating a multilingual website is not an easy task. Companies wishing to translate their sites for different markets basically face both technical and linguistic problems. They are unable to use automated translation systems, which already exist in the market, simply because the quality is not good enough for professional use. Businesses all over the world are now faced with this huge challenge.
F. Moreover, translating websites is only the beginning. Customers with questions or problems will need to discuss matters in their own language, for example, while prices will need to be in the local currency. Dates will also need to be in the right format to avoid confusion. Companies will need to adapt their advertising materials so as not to offend different cultures. They may also have to change their way of doing business to suit certain customers-in Japan, for example, as the Japanese do not tend to give their credit card details over the Web. There are also legal issues to take into consideration.
G. Such vast changes will not happen overnight. It is impossible to say exactly how many texts there are on the Web as the number is changing all the time. One thing which is certain, however, is that a growth in the use of Internet is guaranteed. Companies doing e-business simply need time to translate their sites into the various languages necessary to do business. Meanwhile, more and more material in different languages is being added to the Web at a fast pace.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
Задание 2
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
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The Bolshoi Theatre
Bolshoi Theatre is A__________. This theatre is a complex of buildings located right in the heart of Moscow. More than 900 works were performed there, including the first Russian operas and the operas written by Verdi, Wagner, Bellini, Donizetti and B_________. The operas by Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev and Arensky have also been performed there.
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In March 1736, the provincial prosecutor, Prince Peter Urusov began the construction of the theatre building on the right bank of the River Neglinka. Back then the theatre was called Petrovsky. The Petrovsky Theatre opened on December 30, 1780, but C__________ again in 1805. The new building, constructed under the direction of Carlo Rossi on Arbat Square, also burnt down in 1812. In 1821-1825 a new theatre building was erected by Alexander Mikhailov in the same place. The building has increased significantly in size, so it was named Bolshoi (Grand) Theatre. After another fire in March 1853, the building was restored and redecorated with white stone portico with eight columns.
The building of the theatre is D__________. It is crowned with the world’s famous bronze quadriga of Apollo by Peter Klodt. There was also set a gypsum two-headed eagle — E__________ at the front of the building. The nine muses with Apollo were placed on the ceiling of the auditorium. Thanks to the creativity of Albert Kavos, the building fits perfectly into the surrounding architectural structures.
In 2005, the reconstruction of the theater started, and after 6 years of hard work there was the opening of the main stage of the country. The area of the Bolshoi Theater was doubled and reached 80,000 meters squared. The underground part was opened, and unique acoustic system of the hall was reinstalled. The scene now has a capacity of six-storey building. The murals were renovated in the White Foyer. The Jacquard fabrics and tapestries in the Round Hall and the Imperial Foyer were restored within 5 years by 156 artists from all over Russia. Nowadays, F__________.
1. showing the original width of the avenue
2. the national emblem of Russia
3. the flames have devoured the theatre
4. it is visited by more than1.5 million visitors a year
5. one of the largest theatres of opera and ballet in Russia
6. other famous writers
7. the icon of Russian classical architecture
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
Задание 3
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
English as a National Foreign Language in India
India has two national languages for central administrative purposes: Hindi and English. Hindi is the national, official, and main link language of India. English is an associate official language. The Indian Constitution also officially approves twenty-two regional languages for official purposes. Dozens of distinctly different regional languages are spoken in India, which share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi is used for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, where people speak many different languages that are not much related to Hindi, there is more resistance to Hindi, which has allowed English to remain a lingua franca to a greater degree.
Since the early 1600s, the English language has had a toehold on the Indian subcontinent, when the East India Company established settlements in Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai, formerly Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay respectively. The historical background of India is never far away from everyday usage of English. India has had a longer exposure to English than any other country which uses it as a second language, its distinctive words, idioms, grammar and rhetoric spreading gradually to affect all places, habits and culture.
In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic tool for the administrative cohesiveness of the country, causing people who speak differentlanguages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of wider communication, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. It overlaps with local languages in certain spheres of influence and in public domains.
Generally, English is used among Indians as a ‘link’ language and it is the first language for many well-educated Indians. It is also the second language for many who speak more than one language in India. The English language is a tie that helps bind the many segments of our society together. Also, it is a linguistic bridge between the major countries of the world and India.
English has special national status in India. It has a special place in the parliament, judiciary, broadcasting, journalism, and in the education system. One can see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where to meet and when their bus would leave, but all in English. It means that the language permeates daily life. It is unavoidable and is always expected, especially in the cities.
The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly because English has become the de facto standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for internet communications throughout the world. English is a language that has become a standard not because it has been approved by any ‘standards’ organization but because it is widely used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard. The call centre phenomenon has stimulated a huge expansion of internet-related activity, establishing the future of India as a cyber-technological super-power. Modern communications, videos, journals and newspapers on the internet use English and have made ‘knowing English’ indispensable.
The prevailing view seems to be that unless students learn English, they can only work in limited jobs. Those who do not have basic knowledge of English cannot obtain good quality jobs. They cannot communicate efficiently with others, and cannot have the benefit of India’s rich social and cultural life. Men and women who cannot comprehend and interpret instructions in English, even if educated, are unemployable. They cannot help with their children’s school homework everyday or decide their revenue options of the future.
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A positive attitude to English as a national language is essential to the integration of people into Indian society. There would appear to be virtually no disagreementin the community about the importance of English language skills. Using English you will become a citizen of the world almost naturally. English plays a dominant role in the media. It has been used as a medium for inter-state communication and broadcasting both before and since India’s independence. India is, without a doubt, committed to English as a national language. The impact of English is not only continuing but increasing.
12. The constitution of India recognises…
1) 22 official languages
2) 2 official languages
3) 2 national languages
4) 1 national language
13. In Southern India English is more spread than any other language, because…
1) There are many Indian languages that are not related to Hindi.
2) People do not speak Hindi.
3) English is easy to learn.
4) English is easier than Hindi.
14.‘Toehold’ in paragraph 3 means that…
1) English has had presence in India
2) English has been spoken in India longer than in any other country.
3) Many cities had to be renamed because of the influence of English.
4) Indian has been spread wider than English
15.Why English is called a ‘link’ language in paragraph 5?
1) It unites India.
2) It builds bridges between countries outside India.
3) It binds Indians around the world.
4) It builds a strong society and binds many segments of it.
16.‘Prevailing view’ in paragraph 8 means a
1) Right view.
2) View of minority.
3) Wrong view.
4) View of majority.
17.In the nearest future, English in India …
1) Will become a reason for national conflicts.
2) Is going to unite the nation.
3) Will be spoken only in the Southern India.
4) Will become a more important language
18. Why English has had such a vast influence on culture and places in India?
1) The ancient Indians spoke English.
2) Indian has a similar grammar and vocabulary with English.
3) English is used as the second official language in India longer than in other countries.
4) English is wide-spread among the youth
Грамматика и лексика
Задание 1
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.
Manila
19 For too long, the Philippine capital of Manila__________________ as a more stop over on the way to the country’s breathtaking beaches—and it’s a nation not exactly unwar ranted. (SEE)
20 Dense, busy, notoriously tricky to navigate, with maybe the worst traffic most people ________ever__________, Manila doesn’t make itself easy to love. But to go by first impressions would be to miss out on Southeast Asia’s most underrated capital. (ENCOUNTER)
21 I__________________ with the city’s tangled histories for much of my personal—and especially professional—life. But the older I get, the more I realize those narratives have also given Manila its magic. It’s a city in constant flux—forever contending with its past while raising a glass to the future. (HAVE TO CONTEND)
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22 Beneath the chaos and confusion, Manila thrives through imagination, resourcefulness, and optimism, with upstart creative communities, a world-class food scene, and arts and design industries that ________long__________ a low key player on the global scene. (BE)
23Next time you __________________ (BOOK), a trip to the sun-kissed paradise of Palawan or Siargao, 24__________________ (EXTEND) stopover a few more days.
25You certainly__________________ it. (NOT REGRET)
Задание 2
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
26 The number of research-based __________________ degrees awarded by American universities has increased by more than 22,000 over the past 30 years, an increase of 69%. (DOCTOR)
27 And the __________________ of the recipients as well as their chosen fields of study have shifted in major ways. (COMPOSE)
Those are two of the main takeaways from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, an annual census of all individuals earning a research doctorate from an accredited American institution in an academic year. The SED has been 28 conducted since 1957, under the__________________ of the National Science Foundation’s National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics along with five other federal agencies. (SPONSOR)
29T he survey collects data about recipients’ demographics, __________________ backgrounds and career plans as well as the fields of study in which research doctorates are awarded. (EDUCATE)
The most recent survey is for the 2016-17 academic year. In that year, 54,664 research doctorates were awarded, 30c ompared to 32,365 in 1987, reflecting ________________ increases in almost every year across those three decades. (GRADATION)
31 Perhaps of __________________ interest is the changing nature of the recipients and the disciplines they’re studying. (GREAT)
Задание 3
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Once in a lifetime
In my early 20s, after a year and a half in England, and four months in France, I returned to the United States and got a job at a camp in northern Virginia. My 32 ______ that summer was Dan from Mississippi, and I am from Rhode Island. We worked together with a group of boys from 12 to 14 years old. I`ve always been a bit untidy, but Dan was 33 ______ and clean, event after a night in the woods with our campers. We could not have been more different, but we got on because we shared the same 34 ______ of humor.
At the end of the summer, a few of us went to 35 ______ a cave in West Virginia and got stuck in the cave for the night. It wasn`t as dramatic as it sounds. The park rangers had told us to stay there if anything happened. They knew where we were going, and when we should have been back. Dan hurt his right foot badly. So we had to 36 ______ the night in the cave. Food and water were not a problem, but we turned off out lights to save power. In the distance, we could hear the sound of running water.
To 37 ______ the time, we told stories. That night in the cave we moved from one family story to 38 ______. As the night wore on, I remembered more and more. I was not alone the cave, the blue light and the flowing water released stories and memories that we had never revealed to anyone. It was as if a river of stories had started flowing in each of us.
32 1) partner 2)opponent 3) teammate 4) friend
33 1)careful 2) neat 3) clear 4) exact
34 1) reason 2) emotion 3) sense 4) feeling
35 1) analyse 2) travel 3) teach 4) explore
36 1) waste 2) hold 3) spend 4) lead
37 1) spare 2) waste 3) pass 4) keep
38 1) another 2) other 3) new 4) different
