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Старостина Н.А.

Моя профессия – инженер

Учебно-методическое пособие

По английскому языку

Москва

2019

УДК 811.111’33:62 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Англ - 923

М 87

Рецензент канд. пед. наук, проф., действительный член Всемирной

Нью-Йоркской АН, зав. каф. английского и французского

А.С.Кутькова

языков ЮРГТУ (НПИ) А.С. Кутькова

М 87 Моя профессия – инженер: тексты для чтения на английском языке. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов 2 курса всех направлений очной формы обучения. – 2-е изд. Исправл и дополн. / сост. Н.А.Старостина; ООО «Технологии рекламы», г. Москва. 2019. – 70с.

Приведены тексты познавательного характера, взятые из адаптированных источников. Тексты и упражнения предназначены для студентов 2 курса.

Издание состоит из 6 текстов из области инженерии, экологии, безопасности производства, робототехники, информатики, и истории науки. Тексты сопровождаются словарем, вопросами на проверку общего понимания текста и упражнениями, нацеленными на развитие навыков извлечения информации, ее обработки и получения дополнительных знаний из соответствующих областей технической науки.

Учебно-практическое издание может быть использовано для самостоятельной работы студентов.

УДК 811.111’33:62 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Англ - 923

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Основной целью данного пособия является необходимость снабдить студентов специализированной технической литературой для самостоятельной и аудиторной работы и более успешного формирования навыков чтения и говорения на иностранном языке.

Данное учебное пособие ставит перед собой задачу формирования навыков чтения и перевода оригинальной технической литературы, а также развития у студентов навыков устной речи.

Предлагаемая тематика материала для чтения позволит расширить, углубить знания студентов в той или иной области жизни и в способе языкового выражения тех или иных понятий и реалий.

Отбор текстов для пособия осуществлялся с учетом интересной фабулы, цельности, социальной значимости, которые вызывают желание выразить свою точку зрения на поставленную проблему.

Упражнения концентрируют внимание студентов на расширении определенного объема вокабуляра, его употреблении в ситуациях, на проблемах предлагаемых текстов.

Данная работа является необходимым пособием для введения студентов 2 курса всех направлений в основную общую терминологию по изучаемой ими специальности и приобретения необходимых навыков перевода оригинального текста по специальности и предназначена для самостоятельной и аудиторной работы студентов.

Основополагающим принципом при подготовке пособия было взято соответствие его требованиям государственного образовательного стандарта Российской Федерации.

Text 1

My Future Profession

Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles.

Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people, to determine, for example, how machines can be operated most efficiently by workers. A small change in the location of the controls of a machine or of its position with relation to other machines or equipment, or a change in the muscular movements of the operator, often results in greatly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time-study engineering.

Human-factors engineering seeks to establish criteria for the efficient, human-centered design of, among other things, the large, complicated control panels that monitor and govern nuclear reactor operations.

Engineers in the field of Mechanical Engineering design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.

Safety Engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. In recent years safety engineering has become a speciality adopted by individuals trained in other branches of engineering. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers in hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce the possibility of accident.

In the design of machinery, for example, the safety engineer try to cover all moving parts or keep them from accidental contact with the operator, to put cutoff switches within reach of the operator and to eliminate dangerous sharp parts. In designing roads the safety engineer seeks to avoid such hazards as sharp turns and blind intersections that lead to traffic accidents.

Notes on the Text

scientific – научный

apply – применять, прикладывать

manufacture – производство

construction – строительство

application – применение

efficiently – эффективность

location – размещение, расположение

relation – отношение

equipment – оборудование

muscular – мышцы

increase – увеличивать

attention – внимание

safety – безопасность

nuclear – ядерный

accident – происшествие

error – ошибка

design – конструкция, дизайн

failure – промах

malfunctioning – неправильное срабатывание

seek – искать

establish – устанавливать

complicate – сложный

govern – управлять

machinery – машинное оборудование

variety – разнообразие

structure – структура, основа

hydraulics – гидравлика

pneumatics – пневматика

heat – жар

engine – двигатель

thermodynamics – термодинамика

particular – определенный

pumps – насосы

steam – пар

General understanding:

1. What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession? _____________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are computers used for in modern engineering? _______________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. What approaches are used in modern engineering? _________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is «ergonomics»? _______________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What does human-factors engineering deal with? ___________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What do engineers do in the field of Mechanical Engineering? ________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What do you have to know to be a good specialist in mechanics? ______________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What does Safety Engineering mean? ____________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Is Safety Engineering useful for the development of the industry? _____________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. What do you have to know to be a good Safety engineer? ___________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences:

1. Modern engineering is characterized by__________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. A small change in the location of the controls of____________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. This type of engineering work is called___________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

4. Human-factors engineering seeks to______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

5. Engineers in the field of Mechanical Engineering___________________________

____________________________________________________________________

6. The mechanical engineer must be trained in_______________________________

____________________________________________________________________

7. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is______________________

____________________________________________________________________

8. Safety engineering has become a speciality adopted by_______________________

____________________________________________________________________

9. Safety engineers develop______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

10. The safety engineer tries to cover_______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. Match Russian and English equivalents:

Scientific methods, modern engineering, broad application, most efficiently, location, position, muscular movements, human-factor, machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, energy, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, thermodynamics, metallurgy, machine design, designing machinery, factories, ships, roads, alteration, improvement, to reduce, accident, to eliminate, dangerous, sharp.

Опасный, острый, научные методы, человеческий фактор, современная инженерия, случайность, расположение, машинное оборудование, наиболее эффективно, широкое применение, энергия, нагревание, термодинамика, механизмы, движение мускулов, позиция, материалы, гидравлика, вентиляция, насыщение воздухом, металлургия, конструирование автомобилей, дизайн машинного оборудования, корабли, дороги, фабрики, уменьшать, перемещение, улучшение, устранять.

1______________________________

2______________________________

3______________________________4______________________________5______________________________6______________________________7______________________________8______________________________9______________________________10_____________________________11_____________________________12_____________________________13_____________________________14_____________________________15_____________________________16_____________________________17_____________________________18_____________________________19_____________________________20_____________________________21_____________________________22_____________________________23_____________________________

24_____________________________25_____________________________26_____________________________27_____________________________28_____________________________29_____________________________30_____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Replace the words and expressions in brackets by their English analogues, translate into Russian:

1. Computer (инженерия) _______________ is now the (наиболее) __________ rapidly growing field.

2. The electronics of computers involve (инженеров) ______________ in (дизайн) _______________ and manufacture of memory (систем) _____________, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices.

3. The field of computer (наука) _____________is closely related to (компьютерной) __________________engineering; however, the task of making computers (наиболее) _______________intelligent intelligence, through creation of sophisticated (программ) __________________or development of higher level (машинного) ________________languages or other means, is regarded as the aim of computer science.

4. One current trend in computer (инженерия) ________________ is microminiaturization.

5. Engineers try to place greater and greater (число, количество) _________________ of circuit (элементов) ______________onto smaller and smaller chips.

6. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of (компьютерных) ______________ operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting (материалы)__________________.

4. Translate into English:

1. Работа инженеров по управлению системами состоит в запуске лифта, контролю над курсом космического корабля.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Управляющие системы широко используются в авиации и на судах, в военно-пожарных системах, на автоматизированном производстве и в робототехнике.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Try to explain what do the following statements mean:

1. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles.

2. Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people.

3. Engineers in the field of Mechanical Engineering work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures.

4. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines.

5. Safety Engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents.

6. Translate the sentences:

1. Many industries are highly automated or use automation technology in some part of their operation. _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. In communications and especially in the telephone industry dialing and transmission are all done automatically. ____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. Railways are also controlled by automatic signaling devices, which have sensors that detect carriages passing a particular point. _______________________________

____________________________________________________________________

4. In this way the movement and location of trains can be monitored. _____________

____________________________________________________________________

5. Not all industries require the same degree of automation. ____________________

____________________________________________________________________

6. Sales, agriculture, and some service industries are difficult to automate, though agriculture industry may become more mechanized, especially in the processing and packaging of foods. ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. The automation technology in manufacturing and assembly is widely used in car and other consumer product industries. _____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

8. Nevertheless, each industry has its own concept of automation that answers its particular production needs. _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

7. Fill the gaps with the proper words:

Safety ____________________ has as its object the _________________________ of accidents. In recent years ____________________________ has become a speciality adopted by ___________________ trained in other branches of______________________. Safety engineers ______________________ methods and procedures to ____________________________ workers in _____________________occupations. They also _____________________ in designing ______________________, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce ______________________ In the design of ______________________, for example, the safety ___________________ try to cover all ____________________ or keep them from _________________ with the operator, to put _________________________ within reach of the operator and to __________________________ dangerous sharp parts. In designing roads the __________________ seeks to avoid such _________________________ as sharp turns and blind intersections that lead to _________________________________.

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