2015-05-13
552
7) Why is calorie balance important?
8) Which foods should be incorporated into a healthy eating pattern? What are they rich in?
9) Which foods should be excluded from the diet or consumed in small amounts? Why?
10) Why is it important to supply the diet with fruits and vegetables?
11) What nutrients are supplied with milk and milk product? Which health benefits are provided by milk and milk product?
12) What essential nutrients are contributed to the diet with seafood, beans and peas, soy products, nuts, and seeds? Are there any restrictions while consuming meat and poultry, nuts and seeds? What are they, if there are any?
13) Why are oils important to the diet? What are food sources of oils?
14) What are health benefits provided by dietary fiber?
15) What foods are considered to be nutrient dense foods? Give the examples. What are they rich in?
| Language Development |
! Participles (- ing and - ed forms)
- ing forms used like adjectives or adverbs have similar meanings to active verbs.
falling leaves (= leaves that fall)
a meat-eating animal (= an animal that eats meat)
She walked out smiling. (= She was smiling.)
most past participles have passive meanings when they are used like adjectives or adverbs.
a broken heart (= a heart that has been broken)
He lived alone, forgotten by everybody. (= He had been forgotten by everybody.)
Interested, bored, excited etc say how people feel.
Interesting, boring etc describe the people or things that cause the feelings.
Compare: I was very interested in the lesson. So the lesson was really interesting.
exceptions: A few past participles can be used as adjectives with active meanings, especially before nouns. Examples:
a fallen leaf (= a leaf that has fallen)
advanced students (= students who have advanced to a high level)
|
|
|
developed countries a grown-up daughter
increased activity an escaped prisoner
vanished civilisations faded colours
a retired general swollen ankles
Participles can often be used as adjectives before nouns, or after be and other link verbs.
an interesting book a lost dog a falling leaf screaming children
The upstairs window is broken. His idea seems exciting.
Participles used as adjectives can have objects. Note the word order.
English-speaking Canadians. a fox-hunting man
We often use participles after nouns in order to define or identify the nouns, in the same way as we use identifying relative clauses.
We couldn't agree on any of the problems discussed.
The people questioned gave very different opinions.
I watched the match because I knew some of the people playing.
! A few participles change their meaning according to their position. Compare:
- a concerned expression (= a worried expression)
the people concerned (= the people who are/were affected)
When a past participle is part of a passive verb, we can put much or very much before it, but not very.
He’s (very) much admired by his students.
Britain’s trade position has been (very) much weakened by inflation.
When a past participle is used as an adjective, use very.
a very frightened animal a very shocked expression
1. Look at the sentence from the article: When choosing carbohydrates, people should emphasize naturally occurring carbohydrates. Find and underline other examples of participle clauses in the text.
ǃ Gerunds are – ing forms of the verb that are used as nouns. Gerunds name actions. Although gerunds are used in a clause as nouns, they keep the qualities of verbs. Many compound nouns are made from a gerund and another noun. They usually show the purpose to which the head noun is put, e.g. los in g excess weight – excess weight for los in g.
ǃ To translate the gerund you need some rules. If gerund is:
1) Subject, you translate it as a noun or infinitive.
e.g. Eating the right foods that give your body the nutrients you need makes you healthy. – Употребление в пищу продуктов, которые дают вашему организму все необходимые питательные вещества, способствует хорошему здоровью.
2) Predicate Nominative, you translate it as a noun or infinitive.
e.g. The main goal for me is being healthy. – Для меня главная цель – это быть здоровым.
3) Compound Predicate, you translate it as complement infinitive.
e.g. The dietician finished talking to the patient. Диетолог закончил беседовать с пациентом.
4) Direct and indirect object, you translate it as a noun or infinitive or subordinate clause.
|
|
|
e.g. I simply love eating bananas. – Я просто обожаю есть бананы.
e.g. In muscle insulin promotes the uptake of amino acids for making proteins.– В мышечной ткани инсулин способствует поглощению аминокислот для получения белка.
5) Attribute, you translate it as a noun or infinitive.
e.g. There are different ways of solving this problem. – Имеются различные способы решения этой проблемы.
6) Adverbial modifier, you translate it as an adverbial participle.
e.g. One can understand this by making a very simple experiment. – Можно понять это, проведя очень простой эксперимент.
2. Find and underline other examples in the text. Explain the usage of ing-forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
3. Find and learn Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:
| 1) weight management | a) |
| 2) to monitor body weight | b) |
| 3) nutrient-dense foods | c) |
| 4) to meet nutritional needs within appropriate calorie levels | d) |
| 5) to promote overall health | e) |
| 6) to contribute substantially to calcium intake | f) |
| 7) to serve vital roles in nerve transmission, constriction and dilation of blood vessels, and muscle contraction | g) |
| 8) to lower both total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) blood cholesterol levels | h) |
| 9) to lower blood pressure by blunting the adverse effects of sodium on blood pressure | i) |
| 10) oil-based salad dressing | j) |
4. Find and learn English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
| 1) налаживать (улучшать) потерю веса и поддержание веса | a) |
| 2) полезные для здоровья свойства пищи и напитков | b) |
| 3) нежирный, с низким содержанием жира, или постный (3 слова) | c) |
| 4) способствовать предотвращению заболеваний сердца | d) |
| 5) необработанное зерно, очищенное зерно | e) |
| 6) меньший риск многих хронических заболеваний, таких как сердечнососудистые заболевания, включая сердечный приступ | f) |
| 7) достичь и поддерживать здоровый вес | g) |
| 8) обеспечивать чувство сытости (насыщения) | h) |
| 9) обеспечивать нормальное функционирование желудочно-кишечного тракта | i) |
| 10) иметь положительное влияние на здоровье | j) |
