2015-09-06
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According to the role in the performance of communication and due to the modality/intention expressed, all sentences in the contrasted languages fall into the following five common semantic types: 1) declarative sentences (statements); 2) interrogative sentences; 3) imperative and inducive sentences; 4) sentences of hypothetic modality; 5) exclamatory sentences. Interrogative sentences include some common paradigmatic classes which may be in English and Ukrainian either affirmative or negative (see Table 25 below).
Consequently, the communicative types of sentences and their paradigmatic classes are absolutely isomorphic/common in English and Ukrainian. As will be shown further there still exist some minor structural divergences, however, in some of these classes of sentences in both contrasted languages.
Declarative sentences in both their paradigmatic classes (the affirmative and the negative statements) may be in English and Ukrainian of real, wishful or conditional modality. Equally common are also the structural forms of the affirmative and negative statements which may be either two-member sentences or one-member sentences in each of the contrasted languages. For example:
a) Affirmative statements of real modality:
| "Thank you again very much." (Hemingway) | Ще раз вам дуже дякую. |
| The door opened. (Mansfield) | Двері відчинилися. |
| Suddenly Coleman laughed. (Maken) | Раптом Колмен засміявся. |
| That was Coleman. (Ibid.) | Це був Колмен. |
| b) Affirmative statements of wishful or conditional modality: | |
| It's time we got out. (Cusack) | Час би вже вибратися звідси. |
| I had better tell him... (Galsworthy) | Краще б я був сказав йому... |
| "I want to meet Walter Williams." (D. Parter) | "Я хочу познайомитись з Волтером Вільямсом" |
c) Negative statements of different kinds of modality have also common and divergent features in English and Ukrainian. Common are statements with the negation to the finite verb expressed by the negative
