2015-07-21
508
subway, cars, trench, lead, street traffic, overhead, masonry, cut-and-cover method,shafts
1. Many other cities followed London’s …. In Budapest, a 2.5 mile electric subway was opened in 1896, using single … with trolley poles; it was the first subway on the European continent. Considerable savings were achieved in its construction over earlier … using a flat roof with steel beams instead of a brick arch, and therefore a shallower …. In Paris the rapid progress was attributed to the wide streets … and the modification of the cut-and-cover method devised by the French engineer F.Bienvenue. Vertical … were sunk at intervals along the route; and from there side trenches were dug and … foundations to support wooden shuttering were placed immediately under the road surfaces. Construction of the roof arch then proceeded with relatively little disturbance to …. This method, while it is still used in Paris, has not been widely copied in … construction elsewhere.
IV. Fill in the gaps with suitable derivatives of the words given on the right:
| In the United States the first … subway line was constructed in Boston between 1895 and 1897. It was 1.5 miles … and at first used trolley streetcars or tramcars. Later Boston acquired … subway trains. New York City opened the first section of what was to become the … system in the world on October 27, 1904. In Canada, Toronto opened a subway in 1954, a second system was constructed in Montreal during the 1960s … Paris-type rubber-tires cars. In Mexico City the first stage of a … underground and surface metro system was opened in 1969. | practice length convention large use combine |
FOLLOW UP ACTIVITIES
Speak on: 1. Kinds of tunnels. 2. Minsk underground.
Unit 7: TUNNELING TECHNIQUES
Find the following terms and memorize their meanings
Submerged tunnel Jack
Jumbo Shale
Rock tunnel Sandstone
Muck Friable
Shield Access
Mucker Bed
Reversible
