Without

doing

by doing

mth

Ex.3. Paraphrase using Structure X.

1. You can improve your English if you read much.

2. Nina sent a telegram and didn't tell me about it.

3. We can make eggs hard if we boil them for some more than 3 minutes.

4. The eggs do not get hard if they are not boiled for more than 3 minutes.

5. You can spoil your new dress if you wash it with this detergent.

6. They played the passage and didn't tell the composer.

7. She will finish writing the essay if she is not bothered.

8. You can call on me and not warn me of your visit.

9. You'll be able to economize if you cut down on luxuries.

C) The Gerund as Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances

Str.XI

without doing smth.

He went to Sochi without consulting his

doctor.

Ex.5. Open the brackets using Structure XI.

1. He went away almost immediately (not to say anything to her).

2. He rose and came over to her (not to look into her eyes).

3. The manager quickly left his office (not to close the door).

4. It's wonderful to go on holiday (not to worry about money).

5. The boss left (not to finish his dinner).

6. He translated the article (not to use the dictionary).

Ex.6. Invent a situation to show how the gerund function as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances (to be done in writing).

4. Gerund and Infinitive Compared Ex.1. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I remember________ (wake up) very early on my birthday.

2. I was late for class because I stopped_________ (talk) to a friend I met on

the way.

3. Today is a holiday, but luckily I remembered__________ (go) to the bank

yesterday.

4. I stopped__________ (smoke) three years ago.

5. I like_________ (go) to the beach at the weekends, but it's seldom warm

enough.

6. At first she denied_______ (steal) the necklace.

Even when her fingerprints were found all over the dressing room, she

continued _______ (claim) she was innocent. But eventually she admitted

________ (take) it.

The astonishing thing was that she refused___________ (say) where she had

hidden it.

Finally, when the police were arranging________ (take) her to die station, she

agreed______ (return) it.

7. The Dean ordered the students (seal up) the windows.

8. Mother didn't expect me (offend) her by (speak) rudely.

9. (Put) it anodier way, my friend is a choosy person. 1O.He stopped (take) the medicine on (feel) better.

11.The domes were (wash) after (soak).

12.The teacher reminded the students of (do) their assignment.