2015-08-21
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Political goal of nationalism: control of a state.
Most nationalist leaders use primordialist language.
Nationalism as product of the modern world.
Civic nationalism: France, US
Cultural nationalism: Germany
Challenges to civic nationalism:
Far-right groups, anti-immigration movements
Cultural nationalism is national unity based on common cultural characteristics, and those people who don’t share that particular characteristic cannot be included in the nation.
Civic nationalism: a sense of national unity and purpose is based on a set of commonly held political beliefs. Those who share the beliefs are part of the nation.
German nationalism long predates the German state
Early 19th c.: beginnings of modern German nationalism
Conceived in linguistic and cultural terms
Bismarck wrote citizenship laws partly based on residence – on jus soli
Continuing emigration of Germans to Eastern Europe and immigration of non-Germans into the Reich led nationalists to demand and get a revision of the citizenship laws in 1913.
The German case show the underlying complexity of what may seem to be a very stable national identity. Germany long maintained a strictly cultural nationalism that left millions of immigrants and their children
without political rights. A 2000 reform finally changed it, though citizenship is not automatic.
Who gains democratic rights and who does not.
Nations and Nationalism. Civic nationalism: France, USA
The concept of nationalism did not fully enter French political discourse untill the revolution 1789, long after the state was fully established and quite extensive.
By the end of 19 c. France citizenship laws
were based on jus soli, or residence on the state “ soil”, thus conferring citizenship on the second generation immigrants.
What is a conflict resolution?
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict. Often, committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of the group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs), and by engaging in collective negotiation.[1] Ultimately, a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including but not limited to, negotiation, mediation, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
