2015-08-21
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To plagiarize may be defined as to take words, ideas, etc. from someone else’s work and use them in your work, as if they were your own ideas (Longman Dictionary, 1995). The origin of plagiarism is noted in McArthur (1992) as coming from the obsolete noun plagiary meaning a kidnapper or a kidnapping, theft or a thief of ideas. This, in turn, came from the Latin word plagiarius meaning a kidnapper or a literary thief.
The first recorded use of plagiary was in the late 16th century. Both plagiary and plagiarism are included in the 18th century dictionaries of Nathaniel Bailey and Samuel Johnson.
For some students, plagiarism may be unintentional, caused by their lack of awareness of the academic convention in English of acknowledging all sources in their writing. For this reason, many study guides and other books for students give advice, examples and ways in which sources should be cited (e.g. Hamp-Lyons and Courter, 1984; Leki, 1989; Waters and Waters, 1995). One article in particular clearly sets out the format for a bibliography, showing the different layout necessary for books, journals and other papers (Lynch and McGrath, 1993).
3.15. The following information will be useful for you in reading English for scientific purposes.
Latin words and abbreviations are often used in citation terms or in texts.
| Latin | short for | English equivalent |
| c./ca. cf. e.g. et al etc. et seq. ibid i.e. loc.cit. N.B. op. cit. passim q.v. viz. | circa confer exempli gratia et alii et cetera et sequens ibidem id est loco citato nota bene opere citato quod vide videlicet | about, approximately (e.g. с 1000) compare with for example, for instance and others and the rest, and all others, and so on and the following pages in the same place (used to refer again to a text just referred to) which is to say, in other words, that is in the places already mentioned (+ author’s name) take special note of; note well in the work already mentioned (+author’s name and page reference) frequently, in every part, in many places which may be referred to, refer to, see (often used for cross-references in another part of the text) namely, that is to say, in other words |
