Phrases list useful for effective communication

Giving opinion

− I feel/think that…

− In my opinion…

− I believe that…

− To my mind….(по-моему)

− It’s important to say…

− I suppose…

− I’m sure…

− I consider that …

− As for me…

− As far as I know ….

− My point of view is …

− The fact is that …

− In fact…

− It’s difficult for me to give my opinion about…

If you want to add something

− I must add…

− In addition…

− Not only… but…

− Moreover…

Asking for opinion

− What is your opinion of…?

− How do you feel about…?

− What do you think about…?

Use signal words to structure your ideas

− The reason is ….

− The cause was….

− For example...

− In fact….

− Really, it was….

− The most important thing….

− That is why…(that incident occurred / happened)

− In spite of… несмотря на

− However …

− Although… хотя

− Not only…..but also…

− On the contrary… наоборот

− On the one hand…on the other hand…

− To compare / to contrast… (two different things)… сопоставлять

− The main difference is…

If you agree with your partner

− I totally agree with you.

− I agree with you completely.

− I think you are right.

− Well, I agree with you on the whole, but…

If you disagree with your partner

− (I’m sorry, but) I don’t agree with you.

− I can’t accept your point of view.

− I respect your opinion, however…

− Well, personally I think that… лично

If you want to express certainty

− Yes. Definitely.

− Without a doubt.

− I’m quite sure…

Asking clarification and further explanation

− Sorry to interrupt you, but I didn’t quite catch what you said…

− To go back to what you were saying about…

− Did I understand you correctly that…?

− Can I get this clear? What does the word ‘issue’ mean?

− Can you explain it more clearly (in other words, in a different way?)

If you want to give examples

− Let me give you an example.

− To illustrate this point…

Generalizing

− In general…

− Generally speaking…

− All in all,…

Ignorance

− I’ve really no idea.

− I really couldn’t say.

− I haven’t a clue. Нить (рассуждений; ход мыслей; ключ (к разгадке)

Rephrasing a point

− Perhaps I’m not making myself clear.

− Let me put in another way.

− What I’m trying to say is…

Drawing attention to a point

− As you can see…

− As you have noticed…

Starting another point

− Now I’d like to talk about…

− Now I want to say a few words about…

− Next I’d like to concentrate on…

Summarizing

− To summarize…

− So, in short,…

− to sum up… резюмировать, суммировать

! Exercise 3

You should begin your answer by directly addressing the question the examiner has asked. How would you start your answer to the following questions? Use phrases from the “ Phrases list useful for effective communication”. Write down your beginnings.

For example: according to my experience… to my mind… as far as I know … I’m quite sure….

Why did you take this decision?
Has something similar happened to you?
What are the advantages of…?
What is the normal procedure in the situation like this?
What, in your opinion, is the reason of this accident?
Do you agree with pilot’s actions in this situation?
Could you describe what happened?
Why do you think so? Could you give an example?
What did you learn from this experience?
Why do you think this situation occurred?

! Exercise 4.

Sometimes you can be asked rather complicated questions. Look at the questions below. How would you ask for clarification?

− What do you think the pilot’s function is when it comes to air safety issuers?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

− Do you have any suggestions about communications between pilots and air traffic controllers could be improved?

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