Exercise 4. Complete the articles with prepositions. Translate them into Russian. Discuss the articles

With your friends

Retail types

There are three major types of retailing. The first is the market, a physical location where buyers and sellers

converge. Usually this is done ___ town squares, sidewalks or designated streets and may involve the

construction ___ temporary structures (market stalls). The second form is shop or store trading. Some shops

use counter-service, where goods are ___ ___ reach ___ buyers, and must be obtained ___ the seller. This

type of retail is common ___ small expensive items (e.g. jewelry) and controlled items like medicine and

liquor. Self-service, where goods may be handled and examined prior to purchase, has become more

common since the Twentieth Century. A third form of retail is virtual retail, where products are ordered via

mail, telephone or online ___ having been examined physically but instead ___ a catalog, ___ television or

___ a website.

Sometimes this kind of retailing replicates existing retail types such as online shops or virtual marketplaces

such as E-Bay.

Some shops sell second-hand goods. Often the public can also sell goods ___ such shops, sometimes

called 'pawn' shops. In other cases, especially in the case of a nonprofit shop, the public donates goods ___

the shop to be sold (thrift store). In give-away shops goods can be taken ___ free.

There are also 'consignment' shops, which is where a person can place an item in a store, and if it sells the

person gives the shop owner a percentage ___ the sale price. The advantage of selling an item this way is

that the established shop give the item exposure to more potential buyers.