The basic parts to a personal computer and a description of each part

Lesson 2. Computers in Our Life.

 

Exercise 1. Прочитайте, переведите слова и составьте с ними предложения.

Computer, to play games, to send e-mail, to surf the Internet, keyboard, mouse, to edit.

Exercise 2. Не путайте!

personal - личный personnel – персонал, коллектив

data - данные date - дата

 

Exercise 3. Следующие слова и словосочетания следует знать.

To store - хранить

to retrieve – воспроизводить, извлекать

to process - обрабатывать

to type - печатать

to browse – искать, просматривать (в поиске информации)

spreadsheets - таблицы

hardware – аппаратное обеспечение, «железо» (системный блок, монитор и т.п.)

software – программное обеспечение, основные программы

to rely on - полагаться

touch-sensitive – сенсорный (экран)

applications (apps) – приложения, прикладные программы

to withdraw cash from an ATM – обналичивать, снимать деньги в банкомате

to scan groceries – сканировать товары и продукты питания

to access - получать доступ

built-in — встроенный

 

Computers

A computer is an electronic device. It manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. People can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web, edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

Two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.

·Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.

· Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. People use Microsoft PowerPoint to create presentations.

Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, imagine, you are viewing the e-book in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page.

When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.

Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are usually on our desks. Most of them have a few different parts, including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Tablet computers (tablets) are handheld computers. These computers are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

A server is a computer. This computer serves up information to other computers on a network. For example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that is stored on a server.

Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.

Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.

Wearables. Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices. These devices are worn throughout the day. They are often called wearables for short. Examples of wearables are fitness trackers and smartwatches.

A game console is a specialized type of computer. We use it for playing video games on your TV.

Many TVs now include applications. These programs let you access various types of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

·Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are fully functional, but they have a different look and feel, and many people prefer one or the other.

·This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began creating similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.

·The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one company (Apple), and they almost always use the Mac OS X operating system.

 

Answer the questions:

1. What is a computer?

2. What is hardware?

3. What internal parts of computers do you know?

4. What is software?

5. What software programs do you have?

6. What web browser do you use?

7. What is your favourite computer game?

8. What are the different types of computers?

9. What computers do you use?

10. What is the most useful type of the computers do you know?

 

Exercise 4. Translate in Russian. Write new words to your vocabulary.

 

1) Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences between them and desktop computers. A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a built-in monitor, keyboard, touchpad (which replaces the mouse), and speakers. This means it is fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected. A laptop is also quicker to set up, and there are fewer cables to get in the way.

2) Here are the main differences you can expect with a laptop.

· Touchpad: A touchpad (trackpad) is a touch-sensitive pad. It lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.

· Battery: Every laptop has a battery. It allows you to use the laptop when it's not plugged in. Whenever you plug in the laptop, the battery recharge s. Another benefit of having a battery is that it can provide backup power to the laptop if the power goes out.

· AC adapter: A laptop usually has a specialized power cable. It is called an AC adapter, We use the specific adapter with the specific type of laptop.

· Ports: Most laptops have the same types of ports as on desktop computers (such as USB), but they usually have fewer ports to save space. However, some ports may be different, and you may need an adapter in order to use them.

 

 

Exercise 5. Is it True or False? Объясните свой выбор.

 

1. Different types of computers also often use different types of software.

2. Many businesses use local file servers to store and share files internally.

3. A laptop is a personal computer. You cannot use it in the park or at the cafe.

4. Both a desktop computer and a laptop run the same software and open the same types of files.

5. Some basic laptops cost less than desktop computers, but these laptops are usually much less powerful machines.

6. People use computers for paying their bills, managing their home budgets or simply having some break and watching a movie, listening to songs or playing computer games.

7. Online services like skype or social media websites can not be used for communication and information sharing purposes.

8. Computers are not used in education.

9. People play games and chat for a long period of time, They simply waste time and energy.

10. Someone can hack the credit card numbers of the people or he can steal important data with the help of this computer.

11. The computers aren't used to store personal data of the people.

12. It is recommended to take a couple of minutes break after 30 minutes of computer usage.

 

 

Exercise 6. Match the word with its meaning (значение).

 

The basic parts to a personal computer and a description of each part

 

1. Monitor	a. People use this device for inputting all information to the monitor.
2. Tower	b. It is the main part of the computer. The part contains the hardware.
3. Keyboard	c. You use it to see the website or any other program.
4. Mouse	d. This help the mouse have better grip.
5. Mouse mat	e. It controls the cursor on the screen by moving the mouse.

 

Exercise 7. Put the proper word.

Computer networking has become one of _______(самый успешный) ways of sharing information. (Большинство) _____computers are wireless linked together by a common network. Now, businesses and organizations _____(больше) rely on it to get messages and information. But no matter how _____(полезный) computer networking is, it does not come without drawbacks. Here are its advantages and disadvantages. First of all some advantages:

· Instant messaging can now allow users to talk in real time and send files to other people wherever they are in the world. Also, computer networking allows access to useful information.

· Computer networking allows for ______ (более удобный) resource sharing. This benefit is very important, particularly for ____(более крупные) companies that really need to produce huge numbers of resources to be shared to all the people.

· Computer networking allows _____ (более легкий) accessibility for people to share their files. They save ____ (больше) time and effort.