Глаголы. Действит. залог (Active Voice). Спряжение глаголов to be, to have

Глагол to be в Present, Past, Future Indefinite имеет следующие формы.

Present Indefinite: am, is, are: I am a student. She is a student. They are students.

Past Indefinite: was, were: He was a student last year. We were students last year.

Future Indefinite: shall be, will be: I shall be a student next year.

Вопросительная форма: Is he a student? - Yes, he is \ No, he is not. Are they students? Yes, they are \ No, they are not. Was he a student last year? - Yes, he was\ No, he was not. Were we students last year? - Yes, we were \ No, we were not. Отрицательная форма: I am not a student. He was not a student last year. He is not a student. We were not students last year.

Спряжение глагола to have во временах группы Indefinite (Simple)

Present	Past	Future
I (we, you, they) have He(she, it ) has	I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had	I (we) shall/ will have He (she, it, you, they) will have
Вопросительная форма и краткий ответ	Have you got any lessons today? (Do you have any lessons today?) Yes, I have. (No, I have not) Did you have any lessons yesterday? Yes, I did. (No, I did not) Will you have any lessons tomorrow? Yes, I shall/ will. (No, I shall not / will not)
Отрицательная форма	I have no lessons today. I have not got any lessons today. They had no (not any) lessons yesterday. I shall not/will not have any lessons tomorrow.

Упражнения:

Прочитайте и переведите текст:

It seems that my life is always full of activities and stuff, so I never have much time for myself.

All my days from Monday to Friday are alike. That's what we call “daily routine” when the same things are alike from day to day.

I usually get up at 8 AM and that's quite early for me, I prefer to get up later.

Then I make my bed, wash my face, brush my teeth, and get dressed. After that I go to the kitchen to have breakfast which is usually cereals with milk. I prefer something light, just a cup of tea and a sandwich.

Then I go to work, where I spend half of the day. However I really enjoy this time, I get knowledge and meet my colleagues. I come back home at 2 or 3 PM and always have a serious meal for lunch because I'm extremely hungry. After work sometimes I go shopping or just walk around the town for a while.

After dinner I have a rest about an hour. I can listen to music, watch TV or something like that. Then I do some other stuff like cleaning my room or anything else.

In the evenings I usually wash the floor and vacuum. I can't say I'm excited about it, but I simply need to do it in order to keep my house clean.

When I finally have free time I go for a walk with my new friends here in the USA or just stay at home and read books in English.

My day ends at 10 or 11 PM. This is the time when I go to bed in order to get up early and start everything again the next morning.

So this is my daily routine during the week. On the weekends it is a different story, I like to sleep longer and do whatever I want to do. I have a lot of time for myself. I go for trips with my friends or visit relatives. I think weekends are much better than weekdays.

_________________________

Изъявительное наклонение: I live in New York. Do you like my new haircut?

Сослагательное наклонение: I wish I were there.

Повелительное накл-онение Bring me the letters, please. Call the doctor at once!

Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения: Don't forget to invite Missy. Wash the dishes, please. Please, don't walk late at night alone.

Упражнения:

Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык:

1. Я не говорю по-французски. 2. Ник потерял свою сумку вчера.

3. Я видел Анну на прошлой неделе. 4. Расскажи мне правду.

5. Дай мне те книги. 6. Не опаздывайте, пожалуйста!

7. Он много работал весь прошлый год. 8. Жаль, что ты не смогла прочитать эту книгу.

9. Она – настоящая леди. 10. Завтра будет дождливо.

11. Я приду на вечеринку в субботу. 12. Жаль, мы не поиграли в футбол. В следующий раз мы обязательно сделаем это!

13. Это было фантастическое путешествие. Жаль только, я не побывала в Лондоне.

14. Не ешь этот салат. Он не свежий. 15. Вчера он опоздал, но сегодня точно будет вовремя.

5. Прямой и обратный порядок слов. Конструкция there is / are.

обстоятельство

подлежащее

сказуемое

дополнение

обстоятельство

Общий вопрос: Tom will be here tomorrow. – Will Tom be here tomorrow? I live near here. – Do you live near here? My friend studies at the university. – Does my friend study at the university? He sold the car yesterday. – Did he sell the car?

Специальный вопрос: What time does the film begin? НО! В вопросах с who не используем вспомогательных глаголов к подлежащему. Ср.: Emma telephoned somebody. – Who did Emma telephone? Somebody telephoned Emma. – Who telephoned Emma?

Who do you want to speak to? Where do you come from? Which job had Jane applied for? Разделительный вопрос: Mary will be soon here, won’t she? There was a lot of traffic, wasn’t there? They don’t like us, do they? Mary isn’t late, is she? Ann plays tennis, doesn’t she?

Альтернативный вопрос: Do you like going to the theatre or to the cinema? Is her dress black or brown?

Упражнения:

1. Задайте общие вопросы к предложениям.

Н-р: Mary grows beautiful flowers in the garden – Does Mary grow flowers in the garden?

The weather is cold today. – Is the weather cold today?

1. John was tired after work. (Джон устал после работы.)
2. We live in a small town. (Мы живем в маленьком городке.)
3. Summer has started at last. (Лето началось, наконец-то.)
4. They have already left. (Они уже ушли.)
5. My parents got married in Paris. (Мои родители поженились в Париже.)
6. She can lose her temper easily. (Она может легко выйти из себя.)
7. The party will start in time. (Вечеринка начнется вовремя.)
8. The dogs are sleeping. (Собаки спят.)
9. The umbrella was broken. (Зонт был сломан.)
10. He always gives money to homeless children. (Он всегда дает деньги беспризорным детям.)

2. Задайте специальные вопросы к предложениям, начиная с вопросительных слов в скобках.

Н-р: I am interested in psychology. (What…?) – What are you interested in?

A strange man came here last night. (When…?) – When did the strange man come here?

1. The twins were born in June. (When…?)
2. We had a great time in Disneyland. (Where…?)
3. Mr. Black can play chess very well. (How…?)
4. The salad is not fresh. (Why…?)
5. My wife prefers juice to tea. (Who…?)
6. Tom orders Japanese food every Friday. (What…?)
7. I meet a lot of people at work. (Where…?)
8. They will have lunch at home. (Where…?)
9. The film will start next week. (What film…?)
10. I was to the doctor. (Where…?)

3. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к предложениям, используя предлагаемые в скобках варианты.

Н-р: Nick wants to become a lawyer. (Ник хочет стать юристом.) (a waiter - официант) – Does Nick want to become a lawyer or a waiter? (Ник хочет стать юристом или официантом?)

There are five eggs in the fridge. (ten) – Are there five or ten eggs in the fridge?

1. He will study French in Canada. (German)
2. They are football fans. (hockey)
3. Her granny can tell fortunes from cards. (candles)
4. I have made an apple-pie. (a banana cake)
5. Ann bought a nice dress yesterday. (a skirt)
6. This car was manufactured in Japan. (Germany)
7. The post-office opens at 9. (at 8)
8. Fiona and John paint their house every five years. (their bedroom)
9. She visited all the museums in Istanbul. (the shops)

4. Выберите из правой колонки верное окончание разделительного вопроса. Переведите вопросы.

Н-р: 1 – е (Она необщительна, не так ли?)

1. She isn’t sociable, a. mustn’t they?
2. Mark was satisfied, b. do they?
3. Your kids never argue with you, c. didn’t she?
4. Let’s dance, d. do you?
5. Tom can dive well, e. is she?
6. Our partners must keep their word, f. won’t it?
7. Helen has washed up, g. doesn’t she?
8. You don’t trust me, h. wasn’t he?
9. Your mum works as an accountant, i. hasn’t she?
10. It will be cloudy tomorrow, j. did they?
11. Betty found a new job, k. can’t he?
12. They didn’t sell their car, l. shall we?

5. Составьте 5 видов вопросов (общий, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный, к подлежащему) к следующим предложениям:

She will read five pages tomorrow. Last week he went to London. We usually have three classes a day. Mary lives in Moscow. They are very good students. Peter attends special classes of German every day.

________________________________

Оборот there + be

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
There is (was) a student in the room.	There is (was) no student in the room.	Is (was) there a student in the room?
There are (were) some students in the room.	There are (were)no students in the room. There are (were)not any students in the room.	Are (were) thereany students in the room?

Упражнения:

1.Составьте утвердительные и отрицательные предложения, используя обороты There is/There are.

Н-р: a theatre (+) – There is a theatre in the town. (В городе есть театр.)

1. two cinemas (+)

2. a lake (-)

3. four castles (+)

4. ten restaurants (-)

5. a zoo (+)

6. 5-star hotels (-)

7. three banks (+)

8. many tourists (+)

2. Согласитесь или опровергните следующие утверждения. Дайте правильный ответ.

Н-р: There are 50 minutes in one hour. (В одном часе 50 минут.) – No, there aren’t. There are 60 minutes in one hour. (Нет. В одном часе 60 минут.)

1. There are 10 planets in the Solar system.

2. There are 7 days in a week.

3. There are 20 months in a year.

4. There are 7 fingers on one hand.

5. There is one nose on the face.

3. Расставьте слова в утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях:

1. a market – is – the river – there – near

2. TV – there – a good film – on – is

3. any – in the sky – there – clouds – aren’t

4. in my coffee – is – sugar – any – there?

5. sailors – are – in the boat – five – there

4. Переведите предложения.

1. Рядом с отелем есть чистый пляж.

2. На диване три кошки.

3. В холодильнике есть бутылка молока.

4. В корзине нет клубники.

5. На автобусной остановке есть люди?

6. В твоей сумке есть зеркало?

7. В этом парке нет туалета.

8. В нашем саду много цветов.

9. Под столом зеленый мяч.

10. За дверью никого нет.

5. Задайте к предложениям вопросы, начиная с предлагаемых слов.

1. There are four elephants in the zoo. (How many …?)

2. There is a lot of snow in February. (Is …?)

3. There is some fish on the plate. (What …?)

4. There are no cars in the car park. (Are …?)

5. There are ancient walls around the city. (What …?)

6. Переведите пословицы и поговорки.

1. There is no place like home.

2. Where there is love there is life.

3. There is no bad weather, there are bad clothes.

4. There are plenty of other fish in the sea.

5. There are two sides to every question.

Дополнительные упражнения на порядок слов:

Упражнения "Порядок слов в предложениях" (Word order)

1. Расставьте слова в предложениях по порядку.

1. usually / at 10 o'clock / out of the garage / in the morning / drives / his bike / Fred

2. a shower / after dinner / often / Mrs Lewis / takes

3. a parking place / near the library / we / find / seldom

4. to / I / on / a / night-club / sometimes / Saturdays / go

5. fly / my parents / to Australia / sometimes / I / in winter / and

6. enjoys / very much / swimming / in the pool / always / Mary

7. hardly / last year / could / skate / I

8. is / near / house / there / new / a / our / cinema

9. got / my / problems / I / with / have / home-task / some

10. well / think / your / very / I / don't / sister / drives

11. to / parents / once / the theatre / month / my / a / go

12. his / car / two / ago / Jim / sold / years

13. necklace / can’t / anywhere / Cindy / her / find

14. been / to / India / Mike / has / year / already / this

15. lunch / never / weekdays / she / has / on

2. Переведите.

1. Телевизор я смотрю редко.

2. На улице темно, и я скоро поду спать.

3. Они что-то очень шумно обсуждают в спальне.

4. Он медленно шел вдоль реки.

5. На уроках мы часто поем песни.

6. Я тихо закрыла дверь и сразу же пошла в ванну.

7. Мой дядя очень любит рыбалку.

8. Анна умеет хорошо играть в теннис.

9. Она все время кричит на детей.

10. Твои книги я положу на стол.

11. Я недостаточно хорошо его знаю.

12. По телевизору много хороших фильмов сегодня.

13. В парке есть красивый фонтан.

14. В прошлый вторник было очень ветрено.

15. Эти туфли я купила в Италии.