2020-05-12
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Настоящее совершенное время - употребляется для выражения действия, совершившегося к настоящему моменту, результат которого имеется налицо в настоящем времени. Оно может выражать действие, совершившееся как непосредственно перед моментом речи, так и в более отдаленное время в прошлом.
Present Perfect переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола совершенного вида, а иногда и несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения.
Ex: I have broken my pencil. – Я сломал свой карандаш.
Time Expressions used with Present Perfect:
Временные наречия, используемые с Present Perfect:
Ever already for
Just yet since
Never how long recently
Образование форм глагола в Present Perfect
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | |
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I have eaten | Long form | Short form |
Have I eaten? |
| I have not eaten | I haven’t eaten | ||
| You have eaten | You have not eaten | You haven’t eaten | Have you eaten? |
| He has eaten | He has not eaten | He hasn’t eaten | Has he eaten? |
| She has eaten | She has not eaten | She hasn’t eaten | Has she eaten? |
| It has eaten | It has not eaten | It hasn’t eaten | Has it eaten? |
| We have eaten | We have not eaten | We haven’t eaten | Have we eaten? |
| You have eaten | You have not eaten | You haven’t eaten | Have you eaten? |
| They have eaten | They have not eaten | They haven’t eaten | Have they eaten? |
(Таб.3.1.)
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Примечание:
1. Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have/ has) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3 (правильных и неправильных глаголов);
2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола, затем следует (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3.
3. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол to have ставится перед подлежащим, затем следует (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3.
Exercises.
I. Write the past participle of the following verbs.
1. sleep _________ 2. open _________
3. find __________ 4. arrive ___________
5. give __________ 6. buy ____________
7. take __________ 8. make ___________
II. Choose a verb from the list, use the “ Present Perfect” and complete the sentences.
Drink, break, make, phone, clean, arrive, wash.
1. She ___________________ a vase.
2. We ___________________ the room.
3. I _____________________ the beds.
4. He ___________________ his friend.
5. The plane ______________.
6. They __________________ their hair.
7. You __________________ a glass of Coke.
III. Fill in with “ yet”, “ ago”, “ ever”, “ last night”, “ for”, “ since”.
1. My father went to Spain two days _________.
2. He has known her ___________ 1999.
3. She hasn’t finished her work ____________.
4. Have you ________ seen an elephant?
5. We went to bed at 10 o'clock ____________.
6. He ahs been in Madrid _____________ ten years.
IV. Make up the questions with how long.
1. I know the Browns.
2. Fred is a teacher.
3. Alice and Ben are married.
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4. We are great friends.
5. My husband has a beard.
6. I visited Paris last month.
Оценка:_________
Подпись преподавателя:_________
Past Perfect Tense
Прошедшее совершенное время – употребляется:
● для выражения действия, завершившегося до какого-либо момент или другого действия в прошлом:
Ex: We had translated the article by 5 o'clock.
– Мы (уже) перевели статью к пяти часам.
● в предложениях, в которых одно действие завершилось до другого действия, длящегося в прошлом:
Ex: He had visited his friend and was listening to music when I came.
- Он (уже) посетил своего друга и слушал музыку, когда я пришел.
Past Perfect переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола совершенного, а иногдаи несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения.
Time Expressions used with Past Perfect:
Временные наречия, используемые с Past Perfect:
By five o'clock By the 15th of December By that time
By Saturday By the end of the year
Образование форм глагола в Past Perfect
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | |
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I had come | Long form | Short form |
Had I come? |
| I had not come | I hadn’t come | ||
| You had come | You had not come | You hadn’t come | Had you come? |
| He had come | He had not come | He hadn’t come | Had he come? |
| She had come | She had not come | She hadn’t come | Had she come? |
| It had come | It had not come | It hadn’t come | Had it come? |
| We had come | We had not come | We hadn’t come | Had we come? |
| You had come | You had not come | You hadn’t come | Had you come? |
| They had come | They had not come | They hadn’t come | Had they come? |
(Таб.3.2.)
Примечание:
1. Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3;
2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола had, затем следует (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3;
3. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол had ставится перед подлежащим, затем следует (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3.
Exercises.
I. Write the verb into Past Simple or Past Perfect.
1. Tom _________ (return) from the cinema by 5 o'clock.
2. When we ________ (come) to the station, the train already __________(leave).
3. Nick __________ (think) that his father ____________ (not yet come) home.
4. Kate __________ (give) me the book which she _________ (buy) the day before.
5. When I _____________ (wake) up yesterday, mother already __________ (go) to work.
6. All my friends __________ (be) glad to hear that I _________ (pass) all the examinations successfully.
7. During the holidays my friend __________ (visit) the village where he __________
(live) in his childhood.
8. By the time we____________ (come) to see him, he _________ (return) home.
Оценка:_________
Подпись преподавателя:_________
Future Perfect Tense
Будущее совершенное время – употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится доопределенного момента в будущем. Future Perfect переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного вида.
Ex: We will have translated the article by 5 o'clock.
Мы (уже) переведем статью к пяти часам.
Time Expressions used with Future Perfect:
Временные наречия, используемые с Future Perfect:
By 5 o'clock tomorrow by the end of the year
By Saturday by that time by the 15th of March
Образование форм глагола в Future Perfect
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| I will have told | I will not have told | Will I have told? |
| You will have told | You will not have told | Will you have told? |
| He will have told | He will not have told | Will he have told? |
| She will have told | She will not have told | Will she have told? |
| It will have told | It will not have told | Will it have told? |
| We will have told | We will not have told | Will we have told? |
| You will have told | You will not have told | Will you have told? |
| They will have told | They will not have told | Will they have told? |
(Таб.3.3.)
Примечание:
1. Future Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме будущего времени (will have) и формы причастия прошедшего (Past Participle) смыслового глагола или V3;
2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола will+not+have+(Past Participle) или V3, краткая форма вспомогательного глагола won't;
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3. В вопросительной форме первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, затем следует 2-ой вспомогательный глагол +Past Participle или V3.
Exercises.
I. Write the verb in Future Simple, Future Continuous or Future Perfect.
1. I ________ (do) my homework tomorrow.
I _________ (do) my homework at 6 o'clock tomorrow.
I __________ (do) my homework by 6 o'clock tomorrow.
2. When I come home tomorrow, my family _________(have) supper.
3. Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I _________ (write) a composition the whole evening.
4. How many pages you __________ (read) by 5 o'clock tomorrow?
5. Whom ________________ (visit) you by that time?
