2020-05-11
113
Active Vocabulary
to apply прилагать, применять
to occupy занимать, захватывать
to retain удерживать, сохранять
application of modern techniques применение современных методов
insulating tape изоляционная лента
kind род, вид, разряд
picture изображение, картина
to transfer перемещать, переносить
to wind (wound) наматывать
winding обмотка
main line главная линия
wire winding обмотка провода
wire wound on a core провод, обмотанный на сердечник
various forms of energy except kinetic различные формы энергии за исключением кинетической
pictures of any kind изображения любого рода
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to receive принимать, получать
to mix смешивать
to reject отвергать, отказывать
to remain оставаться
to select выбирать, избирать
to tune настраивать, наладить
fidelity точность воспроизведения
sensitivity чувствительность
intermediate промежуточный
nearby близкий, соседний
mixing valve смесительная лампа
tuned aerial настроенная антенна
intermediate frequency промежуточная частота
rejecter отражатель
high fidelity высокая точность
low sensitivity низкая чувствительность
condenser capacity емкость конденсатора
sensitivity control регулировка чувствительности
near-earth space околоземное пространство
I. Read and translate the text
History of electromagnetic spectrum discovery
The ancient Greeks recognized that light traveled in straight lines and studied some of its properties, including reflection and refraction. Over the years the study of light continued and during the 16th and 17th centuries there were conflicting theories which regarded light as either a wave or a particle. The first discovery of electromagnetic radiation came in 1800 when William Herschel discovered infrared radiation.
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He was studying the temperature of different colors by moving a thermometer through light split by a prism. He noticed that the highest temperature was beyond red. He theorized that this temperature change was due to “calorific rays” which would be in fact a type of light ray that could not be seen. The next year, Johann Ritter worked at the other end of the spectrum and noticed what he called “chemical rays” (invisible light rays that induced certain chemical reactions) that behaved similar to visible violet light rays, but were beyond them in the spectrum. They were later renamed ultraviolet radiation.
During the 1860s James Maxwell developed four partial differential equations for the electromagnetic field. Two of these equations predicted the possibility of, and behavior of, waves in the field. Analyzing the speed of these theoretical waves, Maxwell realized that they must travel at a speed that was about the known speed of light. Maxwell’s predicted waves included waves at very low frequencies compared to infrared, which in theory might be created by oscillating charges in an ordinary electrical circuit of a certain type.
Attempting to prove Maxwell’s equations and detect such low frequency electromagnetic radiation, in 1886 the physicist Heinrich Hertz built an apparatus to generate and detect what is now called radio waves.
Hertz found the waves and was able to infer (by measuring their wavelength and multiplying it by their frequency) that they traveled at the speed of light. Hertz also demonstrated that the new radiation could be both reflected and refracted by various dielectric media, in the same manner as light. These new types of waves paved the way for inventions such as the wireless telegraph and the radio.
II. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
древние греки, по прямым линиям, отражение и преломление, частица, быть обусловленным (чем-л.), первое открытие, создать неполные дифференциальные уравнения, со скоростью света, предсказать, на очень низких частотах, доказать уравнение, при колебании зарядов, в электрической цепи, делать вывод, умножая на частоту, проложить дорогу, изобретение.
III. Read and translate the text
