2015-05-26
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Hippocrates was born in 460 B.C. on the island (остров) of Cos. He was the son of a doctor. Hippocrates studied medicine and then he went from town to town where he practised the art of medicine. It is known that he drove out (изгнал) the plague ([pleig] чума) from Athens by lighting fires in the streets of the city.
Hippocrates was known as an excellent doctor and a teacher of medicine. He established medical schools in Athens and in other towns. He wrote several books and many case histories (история болезни). Hippocrates taught his pupils to examine the patient very attentively and to give him quick help. He created medicine on the basis of experience. He taught that every disease was a natural process and it had natural causes (причина). Hippocrates treated diseases by exercise, massage, salt water baths, diet and suitable (нужный, подходящий) medicine. He observed diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and malaria, and he added to the medical language such words as chronic, crisis, relapse (рецидив) and convalescence (выздоровление).
One of Hippocrates' theories was that the body had four fluids:
blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Too much of one fluid, he thought, caused disease and the doctor had to restore (должен был восстановить) the balance. And only two thousand years later this theory was proved incorrect-(неправильный). Hippocrates made medicine an art, a science and a profession.
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Hippocrates is the most famous of all the Greek doctors. He is often called «the Father of Medicine» and some of his ideas are still important. Doctors in many countries take the Hippocratic Oath (клятва). It is a collection of promises (обещание), written by Hippocrates, which forms the basis of the medical code of honour (кодекс чести). The Oath of Hippocrates contains many of his basic thoughts and principles.
