2015-05-26
4200
human anatomy анатомия человека
physiology физиология
cell клетка
fuel горючее, топливо, питание
oxygen кислород
blood кровь
heart сердце
circulation кровообращение
digestion пищеварение
stomach желудок
intestines кишечник
respiration дыхание
passage проход
lung легкие
nervous нервный
brain мозг
nerve нерв
nucleus ядро
chromosome хромосома
gene ген
hereditary наследственный
nutrient питательное вещество
waste products продукты распада
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TEXT
OUTLINE OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Let’s speak about human anatomy and physiology, which are the study, respectively, of the normal structure and functioning of the body. Just as houses are built of individual bricks, so is the body made up of millions of microscopic individual units called cells.
Each cell has a job to do and must be supplied with fuel and oxygen before it can do it. In this respect the body is not different from any other working engine or machine. All engines, machines and body cells are alike in requiring oxygen to burn their fuel and thereby produce the energy needed to perform their functions.
The fuel needed by the body comes from our food, while oxygen is present in the air we breathe. Fuel and oxygen are conveyed in the blood to all parts of the body by the heart and circulation.
The food we eat is turned into usable fuel by process known as digestion. The digestive system contains the stomach and intestines.
Oxygen is obtained from the air we breathe. The process by which it enters the blood to reach the body cells is called respiration. The respiratory system consists of the passages and lungs.
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Overall control and coordination of body functions is effected by the nervous system, which consists of the brain and nerves. The brain may be likened to a computerized telephone exchange with the nerves serving as telephone lines.
There are many different types of cell in the body, depending on their particular function, but they all contain a central nucleus and are bounded by a cell wall. The nucleus is responsible for growth by cell division, and contains chromosomes and genes which transmit the hereditary factors, which make every person a unique individual.
The cell wall is sufficiently thin to allow oxygen and nutrients from the blood to enter the cell and waste products to leave.
NOTES
- in this respect – в этом отношении
- known as – известный как
- may be likened to – можно сравнить с
- to be bounded – быть связанным
- to enter the cell - войти в клетку
