Learn the key words and expressions. contradiction - противоречие

appoint – назначать

carry – перевозить

contradiction - противоречие

development – развитие

fleet – флот

give place to – уступать, приходить на смену

governor – губернатор, правитель

independent – независимый

property – собственность, имущество; свойство

prosperity [prP'sperqtI]– процветание

raw materials [rL] – сырье

settlement – поселение

struggle – сражаться

weaken – ослаблять

Check your comprehension.

1. What helped Britain to develop its fleet so quickly? 2. What territory did Britain possess in the period of its prosperity? 3. Why and when did Britain begin to lose its industrial supremacy?

TEXT 4

Read the following proper nouns correctly.

Scandinavians ["skxndI'neIvIqnz] – скандинавы

Angles ['xnglz] – англы (древнее племя, проживавшее на территории Англии)

Saxons ['sxksnz] – саксы (древнее племя, проживавшее на территории Англии)

Normans ['nLmqnz] – нормандцы

Denmark ['denmRk] – Дания

Danes [deInz] – датчане

Germans ['dZE:mqnz] – немцы

Jutland ['dZAtlxnd] – Ютландия

Read and translate the text.

From the history of Great Britain (1, 000)

Great Britain has a long and rich history. About two thousand years ago the British Isles were inhabited by Celtic tribes. They were waging wars through their whole history. They fought against the Romans, Germans, Scandinavians and Danes.

The Romans came from Italy in 43 A.D. Their intention was to expand the boundaries of the Roman Empire. The Romans brought to Britain their way of life, their language and religion. They built large towns, constructed a wide network of roads and made Latin an official language of the country.

The Angles and Saxons came from Germany, Denmark and Jutland. By the end of the sixth century they founded seven kingdoms, which gradually merged into one country, England, to defend themselves against the raids of the new enemies.

The Scandinavian invasion began in the 8th century. The Scandinavians were good sailors and traders. They favoured the growth of towns and the development of trade in England.

The Normans invaded the British Isles from France in 1066. As a result of this invasion the English language changed greatly. The French to be spoken by the Normans was the official language of England for almost three centuries. The modern English has a lot of words of French origin.

So the Englishmen are the descendants of all the invaders.