2015-06-05
2782
Неопределенный артикль a (an) употребляется только с существительным в единственном числе, когда лицо или предмет не знакомы говорящему или упоминаются впервые. Например:
They live in a new house with a garden and a swimming pool.
He has a sister and a brother.
She was a young girl of 17.
I want an apple.
Определенный артикль the употребляется с существительными как в единственном, так и во множественном числе, когда лицо или предмет знакомы или известны говорящему. Например:
The house is new and the garden is wonderful.
The sister and the brother are very much alike.
The young girl was only 17.
| Артикль не ставится перед именами существительными, обозначающими вещество (молоко, вода, мука, чернила др.). Иное – при описании определенного, количественно ограниченного вещества (e.g. Pass me the salt, please.) Артикль не ставится перед отвлеченными именами существительными. Иное – при конкретизации таких понятий. Артикль также не ставится перед существительными dinner, supper, breakfast, lunch в тех случаях, когда речь идет о процессе принятия пищи (to have dinner). Если говорится о качестве еды, составляющей обед, ужин и пр., используется определенный артикль (e.g. The dinner was perfect.) |
Ex.1. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1.Have you got … telephone? 2. This is … cat, and that is … dog. 3. These are … wild animals, be careful. 4. Such … bright stars! 5. We had … party last Friday. 6. John’s father is … dentist. 7. … horse is … domestic animal. 8. Such … foolish creature. 9. There is … gate in front of the cottage. 10. This is … fashionable hotel. 11. Stephen sat down on … edge of … bed. 12. He sprang out of … bed, had … cold shower and then had another look at … watch. 13. It was quite … long voyage. 14. … new church will be built here. 15. “Do you have … spare minute? I’d like to have … talk with you.” 16. Mr. Roger has … apple trees and … pear trees in his garden. 17. … wolf is … wild animal. 18. My sister is … teacher and works at … school. 19. … night was silent. 20. We had … short summer. 21. … morning is perfect. 22. He was … most interesting man. 23. My daughter said exactly … same thing. 24. … young man listened to… conversation with … amused smile. 25. Then I heard … voice asking if I was in. 26. She gave … same answer as before. 27. She is … laziest woman in the village. 28. There was not … cloud in … sky. 29. I think that that is … wrong point of view. 30. It was … only birthday he had celebrated since he was … child. 31. … sun was getting warmer. 32. … telephone was invented in the 19th century.
Ex.2. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. … milk is necessary for children. 2. … water is necessary for plants. 3. … milk is warm. 4. … water is hot. 5. … citizens have … right to … labor. 6. … production has increased in … last year. 7. … production of steel has increased. 8. After … dinner we went home. 9. … dinner was well prepared.
| Определенный артикль используется с названиями: | Определенный артикль не используется с названиями: |
| океанов, морей, рек, заливов, озер во множественном числе the Black Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Great Lakes гор (горных цепей) the Urals, the Cordilleras, the Alps землей, луной, солнцем the earth, the moon, the sun школ, учебных заведений the University of Columbia, the College of Medicine стран, в которых есть слова state, republic, kingdom the United States, the United Kingdom некоторых областей и районов the Caucasus, the Far-East, the West Indies, the Crimea исторических документов the Constitution, the Peace Treaty национальностей the Indians, the English сторон света the North, the South, the East, the West пароходов, отелей, газет the Grand Hotel, the “Daily Worker”, the Titanic | озер в единственном числе Lake Baikal, Lake Huron гор (одиночных) Everest, Elbrus планет, созвездий Mars, Jupiter школ, учебных заведений, начинающихся с имен собственных California University, Cooper’s Art School стран Russia, France, Spain континентов, штатов Europe, North America, Africa, California, Texas наук mathematics, physics, history абстрактными понятиями freedom, happiness праздников Christmas, Easter улиц Baker Street |
Ex.3. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. They were discussing it after … supper, when … children were in … bed. 2. I’m afraid you can’t see Father today; he’s out of … town. 3. He took one of … books at … random. 4. She told me that for … while she had worked in … hospital. 5. … transport must come by … sea to Plymouth. 6. People all over … world want peace. 7. It was … perfect night and … moon was just rising. 8. He switched off … radio and went to … bed. 9. She was dressed for … church. 10. He was in … hospital for … few weeks, and came back more moody than ever. 11. … bed itself was wide and high. 12. In … few minutes she went to … bed. 13. He would not argue with … guest at … table. 14. We sat at … kitchen table talking about …things. 15. In … morning I went as usual to …school.16. His ship nearly sank in … Pacific. 17. They stood for some time, talking in quiet tones, comparing … Thames with … Seine. 18. He went to … school to speak to … head-master about his son. 19. “I know there are … British bases in … Cyprus,” he said. 20. The firm made … loans to … Argentine and … Brazil. 21. There aren’t many sharks in … Mediterranean. It is down … Red Sea that you get them in numbers. 22. “Do you know where he’s staying?” “At … Bristol.” 23. Usually he used to read … few articles out of … “Times” or … “Newsweek”. 24. When last heard from he was at … University of Berlin. 25. On their way to … Savoy Hotel he refused to tell Tom what would happen there. 26. Schiller, … most popular dramatist in … Germany, was forced to make … translations from … French in order to earn … money enough to live on. 27. Gracia was … student at … London University. 28. There’s … good film at … Regal Cinema this week. 29. … Bradleys are one of … oldest families in Illinois. 30. Next day I saw … Smiths off at … airport.
Ex.4. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. What … beautiful garden! 2. On our trip to … Spain, we crossed … Atlantic Ocean. 3. Rita is studying … English and … Math this semester. 4. Please give me … cup of coffee with … cream and … sugar. 5. … United States of America consist of 50 states. 6. When he was in London he stayed at … Smiths. 7. … Andorra is a small country. It’s situated between … France and … Spain. 8. London stands on … Thames. 9. …Brasilia exports coffee. 10. Don’t sit too much in … sun on … hot day. 11. I’d like … glass of … mineral water. 12. … summer of 1972 was very hot. 13. I usually go to … Crimea in summer. 14. … Germany is one of … states in … West Europe. 15. … Irish Sea is situated between … Great Britain and … Ireland, which make … British Isles. 16. … Caucasus are higher than … Urals. 17. Where is … money? 18. … film we saw last night was excellent. 19. He was born on … bank of … Volga River. 20. … English are very fond of … tea. 21. You can buy everything you want at …Harrison’s. 22. He was … only student who gave … right answer to … teacher’s question. 23. Peter is … honest man, and his parents are considered to be … nice people. 24. This year … summer was cold. 25. He always tells me … truth. 26. Don’t tell me … lie. 27. He met her at … Orly Airport. 28. After … lunch we went for … walk by … sea. 29. My parents have got … cat. … cat is big and nice but it never catches … mice. 30. What is … highest mountain in … world? 31. Tom lives in … small village in … country. 32. John went to … school last year. 33. … Lake Baikal is in … Siberia. 34. How long have you been in … hospital?
Ex.5. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Они проводят отпуск на Черном море. 2. Великобритания омывается водами Атлантического океана. 3. На Рождество мы навестим бабушку. 4. Ломоносов родился в маленькой деревеньке на берегу Белого моря. 5. Мой отец экономист. 6. Моя сестра врач. Она работает в больнице. Она сейчас на работе. 7. Шекспир – самый великий английский писатель. 8. Она должна купить эту книгу в книжном магазине. Магазин находится на улице Лубянка.
