Psychology

(1) Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand humanity by both discovering general principles and exploring specific cases, and its ultimate aim is to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and is classified as a social or behavioral scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurological processes that underlie certain functions and behaviors.

(2) Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some – especially clinical and counseling psychologists – at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology incorporates research from the social sciences, natural sciences, and humanities.

(3) While psychological knowledge is typically applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also applied to understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity. Although the majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role (clinical, counseling, and school positions); many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and social behavior (typically in university psychology departments) and/or teach such knowledge in academic settings; and some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, and in other areas.

(4) From the 1890s until his death in 1939, the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, a method of investigation of the mind and the way one thinks; a systematized set of theories about human behavior; and a form of psychotherapy to treat psychological or emotional distress, especially unconscious conflict. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was largely based on interpretive methods, introspection and clinical observations. Clinically, Freud helped to pioneer the method of free association and a therapeutic interest in dream interpretation.

(Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The fundamental purpose of psychology is to bring advantage to society.

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

28. Определите, является ли утверждение:

All psychologists employ symbolic interpretation and other inductive methods.

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

29. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Psychologists can be employed in industry.

a) истинным*

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

30. Определите, является ли утверждение:

In his psychoanalytic theory Freud employs empirical methods only.

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

31. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Some psychologists explore the unconscious mind.

a) 2

b) 3

c) 1

d) 4

32. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Psychological knowledge can be taught at educational establishments.

a) 3

b) 2

c) 4

d) 1