UNIT 112 Although/though/even though In spite of/despite

A. Study this example situation:

Last year Jack and Jill spent their holidays by the sea.

It rained a lot but they enjoyed themselves. You can say:

Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. (= It rained a lot but they...)

or In spite of the rain, they enjoyed themselves. Despite the rain, they enjoyed themselves.

B. After although we use a subject + verb:

* Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.

* I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.

Compare the meaning of although and because:

* We went out although it was raining.

* We didn't go out because it was raining.

C. After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or ~ing:

* In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.

* I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.

* She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.

* In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.

Despite is the same as in spite of. Note that we say 'in spite of', but despite (without 'of'):

* She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work. (not 'despite of this')

You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that)...':

* I didn't get the job in spite of the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.

* I didn't get the job despite of the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.

Compare in spite of and because of:

* We went out in spite of the rain. (or... despite the rain.)

* We didn't go out because of the rain.

D. Compare although and in spite of/despite:

* Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. (not 'in spite of the traffic was bad')

In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. (not 'in spite of the traffic was bad')

* I couldn't sleep although I was very tired. (not 'despite I was tired')

* I couldn't sleep despite being very tired. (not 'despite I was tired')

E. Sometimes we use though instead of although:

* I didn't get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications.

In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence:

* The house isn't very nice. I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden)

* I see him every day. I've never spoken to him though. (= but I've never spoken to him)

Even though (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of although:

* Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (not 'Even I was really tired...')