2015-08-12
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Exercise 8. Answer the questions:
1. What is an alimentary tract?
2. Where does it extend?
3. What does the alimentary tract consist of?
4. What is the first division of the alimentary tract formed by? Name all the important structured
associated with it.
5. What way does the food pass before it gets to the stomach?
6. Describe the parameters of the stomach.
7. What is the small intestine composed of?
8. What is the large intestine divided into?
9. Which of the glands is the largest in the human body?
10. Where are the gallbladder and the pancreas located?
Exercise 9. Find the English equivalents in the text:
травний канал; ротова порожнина; складатися з глотки, стравоходу, шлунку, тонкого та товстого кишечників; найбільші залози травного каналу; печінка; жовчний міхур; підшлункова залоза; важливі структури роту; зуби та язик; орган смаку; м’яке та тверде піднебіння; слинні залози; верхня частина живота; під діафрагмою; дванадцятипала кишка; клубова кишка; сліпа кишка; ободова кишка; пряма кишка.
Exercise 10. Join the words from two columns and translate the word-combinations:
| coated | tract |
| large/small | glands |
| oral | palates |
| abdominal | tube |
| hollow | tongue |
| important | sac |
| salivary | structures |
| alimentary | cavity |
| muscular | cavity |
| hard/soft | intestine |
Exercise 11. Put questions to the underlined words:
1. The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8 1/2 m (metres) in length.
2. The alimentary tract consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.
3. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.
4. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue.
5. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
6. The liver is the largest gland in the human body.
7. The gallbladder is a hollow saclying on the lower surface of the liver. (2 questions)
8. The pancreas is a long thin gland lying behind the stomach.
Exercise 12. Put alternative questions to the underlined words:
1. He is ill with pneumonia.
2. Erythrocytes are the red blood cells.
3. The brain sends orders to different parts of the body through nerve cells.
4. Oxygen is essential for our life.
5. Anatomy studies systems of the human body.
6. Grippe can be cured.
7. The liver is the largest gland in the human body.
8. Lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system.
Exercise 13. Open the brackets:
1. The alimentary tract (to consist) of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.
2. The first division of the alimentary tract (to form) by the mouth.
3. The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands (to be) in the oral cavity.
4. From the mouth food (to pass) through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.
5. The small intestine (to locate) in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity.
6. The stomach (to have) a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 1 (litres).
7. The liver (to weigh) 1,500 g.
8. The pancreas (to be) a long thin gland that (to lie) behind the stomach.
Exercise 14. Learn the prepositions of place and direction:
Exercise 15. Translate into your native language, paying attention to prepositions:
1. My father will be busy on Monday.
2. In summer we went to Turkey.
3. We are students of the Medical University.
4. Last year he graduated from the medical university.
5. I’ll work in the field of surgery.
6. I must inform students about the day of consultation.
7. The doctor will make a round at 9 o’clock.
8. The consulting hours of this doctor will begin in 2 hours.
9. She works at the therapeutic department.
10. A surgical nurse prepares instruments for the operation.
11. Give me a mixture for cough, please.
Exercise 16. Choose and insert the necessary prepositions:
1. The gallbladder is a hollow sac lying … the lower surface of the liver.
a) in b) under c) on d) within
2. From the mouth food passes … the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.
a) to b) for c) in d) through
3. The liver is located … the diaphragm.
a) to b) under c) through d) above
4. The alimentary tract consists … the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.
a) for b) of c) with d) up
5. The small intestine is composed … the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
a) of b) up of c) --- d) for
6. The large intestine is divided … caecum, colon, sigmoid and rectum.
a) for b) through c) to c) into
7. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is essential … your future career.
a) for b) on c) to d) ---
8. The study of tissues is known … histology.
a) such as b) for c) to d) as
9. The brain is made … nervous tissue.
a) of b) up of c) --- d) up
10. The inner surface of the stomach is covered … mucous membrane.
a) with b) by c) of d) for
