Glycolysis: reaction, regulation, energy balance. Aerobic oxidation of glucose

Choose the correct answer:

1. Name the location of glycolysis enzymes in the cell:

A. Mitochondrion;

B. Nucleus;

C. Cytosol;

D. Lysosomes;

E. Microsomes;

2.The key enzymes of glycolysis, catalyzing irreversible reactions are….

A. hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase;

B. phosphohexose isomerase, glyceraldedehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; aldolase;

C. phosphotriose isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase;

D. enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase;

E. hexokinase, phosphohexose isomerase, phosphofructokinase.

3.The number of ATP synthesizing during the glycolysis are…

A.1;

B.2;

C.3;

D.4;

E.0.

4.The end product converting glucose by anaerobic glycolysis is….:

A.pyruvic acid;

B.lactate;

C. acetyl CoA;

D.CO₂ and H₂O;

E.glycogen.

5.The end product converting glucose by aerobic glycolysis is….:

A.pyruvic acid;

B.lactate;

C. acetyl CoA;

D.CO₂ and H₂O;

E.glycogen.

6. Enzyme catalyzing forming NADH during glycolysis is…..:

A. hexokinase;

B. phosphofructokinase;

C. pyruvate kinase;

D. phosphohexose isomerase;

E. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

7. Which one of the following statements concerning the glycolysis is correct?

A. The conversion of glucose to lactate requires the present of oxygen;

B. Hexokinase is important in hepatic glucose metabolism only in the absorptive period following consumption of the carbohydrate- containing meal;

C. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase;

D. The rate-limiting reactions are also the irreversible reactions;

E. The conversion of glucose to lactate yields two ATP and 2 NADH.

8.The reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase:

A.is activated by high concentration of ATP and citrate;

B. uses fructose-1-phosphate as substrate;

C. is the regulated reaction of the glycolytic pathway;

D. is near equilibrium in most tissues;

E. is inhibited by fructose 2,6- bisphosphate.

9.Compared with the resting stage, vigorously contracting muscle shows;

A.an increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate;

B. decreased oxidation of pyruvate to CO₂ to water;

C. a decreased NADH/NAD⁺ ratio;

D. a decreased concentration of AMP;

E. decreased levels of fructose 2.6-bisphosphate.

10.A 34-year-old man presented with symptoms of weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. His hemoglobin levels were between 5 to 7 g/dl (normal for a male being greater than 13.5 g/dl). Red blood cells isolated from the patient showed abnormally low level of lactate production. A deficiency of which one of the following enzymes would be the most likely cause of this patient’s anemia.

A. Phosphoglucose isomerase;

B. Phosphofructokinase;

C. Pyruvate kinase;

D. Hexokinase;

E. Lactate dehydrogenase.