The Close of the Cold War

Almost as soon as he took office, President Richard Nixon encouraged the United Nations to recognize the communist Chinese government and in 1972, began to establish diplomatic relations with Beijing. At the same time, he adopted a policy of "détente"–"relaxation"–toward the Soviet Union. In 1972, he and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), which prohibited the manufacture of nuclear missiles by both sides.
Despite Nixon’s efforts, the Cold War heated up again under President Ronald Reagan. Reagan worked to provide financial and military aid to anticommunist governments around the world (Grenada, El Salvador).
Even as Reagan fought communism in Central America, however, the Soviet Union was disintegrating. In response to severe economic problems and growing political unrest in the USSR, Premier Mikhail Gorbachev took office in 1985 and introduced two policies that redefined Russia's relationship to the rest of the world: "glasnost," or political openness, and "perestroika," or economic reform. Soviet influence in Eastern Europe waned. In 1989, every other communist state in the region replaced its government with a non-communist one. In November of that year, the Berlin Wall–the most visible symbol of the decades-long Cold War–was finally destroyed, just over two years after Reagan had challenged the Soviet premier in a speech at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." By 1991, the Soviet Union itself had fallen apart. The Cold War was over.

21. Give a survey of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA in the 1960s & its aftermath for American society. B. Obama the country’s first Afro-American president.

Коротко о главном на случай склероза: 1619 - 20 Africans are brought to the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia, where they are bartered for foodstuffs in a slave auction. 1641 - Massachusetts is the first colony to recognize slavery as legal. 1776 -the Declaration of Independence: 'all men are created equal'. Slavery, however, continues unaffected. 1863 -President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, abolishing slavery in the rebel southern states. 1865 -The Union is victorious and slavery is abolished in all states under the 13th Amendment to the U.S constitution.

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