2015-08-21
301
Comment on how the following ways of formal language learning and natural acquisition can contribute to success in mastering the language
| Acquisition | Contribution | Learning |
| Eavesdropping on the bus | ||
| Learning a dialogue by heart | ||
| Asking the way in the street | ||
| Improvising in a role-play | ||
| Listening to the radio and watching TV | ||
| Learning a grammar rule | ||
| Watching street signs and posters | ||
| Reciting a poem or a monologue | ||
| Visiting a bank, a shop or a post office | ||
| Reading about cultural gaps |
The process of learning is organised by a method of instruction (teaching). A method involves three major concepts: approach, design and procedure. "Approach" describes a theory of language and teaching with the language theory and the major principles i.e. guidelines for running a class. "Design" deals with the objectives and materials, teacher and learner roles. "Procedure" describes techniques, tasks, practices and interactive behaviours. The architecture of the "method" is shown below:
| Method | ||
| Approach | Design | Procedure |
| · Theory of language · Principles of teaching | · syllabus and material · teacher role · learner role | · classroom techniques · learner interaction |
(Richards, J. and Th. Rodgers. 1995. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. CUP. P. 28).
A "method" is a model of pedagogical intervention to achieve the goals of language instruction by creating learning opportunities through a certain theoretical approach, pedagogical design and teaching procedures.
