2015-08-21
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When there is no -ly adverb for what we want to say, we have to use an adverbial phrase beginning with a preposition to refer to 'means' or 'method':
/ came here by bus She answered me in a loud whisper Sometimes we can choose between a phrase and an -ly adverb
He left in a hurry/hurriedly [> App 26]
, 7.12 '-ly'adjectives and equivalent adverbial forms
Here is a selection of adjectives which end in -ly: brotherly/sisterly, cowardly, elderly, friendly/unfriendly, heavenly, likely'/unlikely, lively, lovely, manly/womanly, motherly/fatherly, sickly,
7 Adverbs
silly and ugly We use most of these adjectives to describe people's
qualities We cannot use them as adverbs, so we form phrases with
way, manner or fashion
adjective Susan is a friendly girl
adverb She always greets me in a friendly way/manner/fashion
7.13 Adjectives/adverbs: same form, same meaning [> Apps14,15.1]
Some words can be used as adjectives or as adverbs of manner
without adding -ly fast hard, etc
A fast (adjective) tram is one that goes fast (adverb)
/ work hard (adverb) because I enjoy hard (adjective) work
7.14 Adverbs with two forms [> App 15]
Some adverbs have two forms which may have
- the same meaning e g cheap I bought this car cheap/cheaply
- different meanings e g hard I work hard and play hard
I did hardly any work today
Adverbs differing in meaning from corresponding adjectives
Some adverbs differ in meaning from their corresponding adjectives
e g express/expressly ready readily
If it s urgent you should send it by express mail (fast)
You were told expressly to be here by 7 (clearly/deliberately)
Some adverbs, such as coldly coolly hardl yand warmly can refer to
feelings and behaviour and can be used with verbs such as act
behave react speak Compare adjective/adverb uses in e g
It's cold today The whole queue stared at me coldly
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It's a warm/cool day Emily greeted me warmly/coolly
I t ' s a hot day Edward hotly denied the accusation
Position of adverbs of manner
Adverbs of manner: after the object or after the verb
The most usual position of adverbs of manner is after the object or after the verb [> 1.3] eg
- after the object Sue watched the monkeys curiously
Look at this photo carefully
- after the verb It snowed heavily last January
- after an adverb particle He took the picture down carefully The important thing is not to put the adverb between the verb and its object (Not *He speaks well English*) But even this is possible if the object is very long
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us
