Упражнения

III. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способы перевода независимого причастного оборота:

1. The principle of action being extremely simple, the device was widely used for various purposes.

2. Part of the energy being changed into heat, not all the chemical energy of the cell battery is transformed into electric energy.

3. The positive pole brought near the negative pole, the latter attracted it.

4. Two bodies placed in contact with each other, the tempe­rature of the hot body falls, while the temperature of the cold body rises.

5. Transistors being sensitive to light, engineers have to take this property into consideration.

6. Many metals are good conductors, silver presenting one of them.

7. The temperature of a wire being raised, the random mo­tion of the electrons increased.

8. The two semiconductors of different type connected, a blocking layer will be created at the contact.

9. Radio-activity discovered, many great discoveries were made in atomic physics.

10. The pressure being known at some point in the flow of air, the pressure at another point in the flow is easily calcu­lated.

11. The system operation has been improved, the main chan­ges being made in the transmitter.

IV. * Прочтите предложения, укажите номера предложений, в которых слово "provided" является сказуемым, и переведите все предло­жения:

1. Solar batteries provided much energy for this system ope­ration.

2. A cell supplies electric energy provided its electrodes are of different materials.

3. The electrical properties of germaniummay be changed, provided germanium is exposed to light.

4. A capacitor stores electric energy providedthat a voltage source is applied to it.

5. These experiments provided necessary data for studying this phenomenon.

6. Provided the laboratory is equipped with up-to-date in­struments we shall be able to carry out important scientific researches.

7. A direct current flows provided a direct voltage source is applied to the circuit.

V. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов "the former" и "the latter":

1. Uranium, radium, plutonium are radioactive substances, the former being widely used in atomic reactors.

2. The electrical properties of germanium may be changed, provided the latter is exposed to light.

3. The parallel circuit consists of a voltage source and two resistors, the latter are connected in parallel.

4. The most common meters used are the ohmmeter and the ammeter, the former is used to measure the value of resistance, the latter is used to measure the value of current.

5. Copper conducts electricity while glass doesnot. Theformer is a conductor while the latter is an insulator.

6. There are the acid-forming elements and the base-forming elements. The former are the non-metals while the latter are the metals.

VI. Прочтите и переведите предложения:

1. Like silicon and selenium, germanium is sensitive to light.

2. Outer-space relays like other relays are used for televi­sing programmes.

3. Like many other measuring devices ammeters are widely used in any experiment dealing with electricity.

4. A diode like any electron tube contains the cathode and the plate.

5. Cadmium sulphide and cadmium selenide like a number of other transistors act as insulators in the darkness.

VII. * Прочтите и переведите сочетания слов:

1. external influences; 2. sensitive to external influences;3. to act like insulators; 4. an insulating material; 5. to use admixtures; 6. admixtures introduced into a solution; 7. thin films; 8. film circuits; 9. sensitive film circuits; 10. a powerful source; 11. a powerful heat source; 12. to supply much heat; 13. lo supply constant pressure; 14, a powerful supply; 15. a d-c supply; 16. exposed to radiation; 17. exposed to sun's rays; 18. extremely sensitive to visible light; 19. to take this property into consideration; 20. in later experiments; 21. in later radioactivity investigations; 22. to create a powerful source of energy; 23. to consume little power; 24. great consumption of heat; 25. heat consumers;

26. hundreds of times

VIII. Прочтите предложения, определив функции герундия и при­частий I и II, и переведите предложения:

1. The results obtained being of prime importance,engineersused them in their investigations.

2. Electrons are obtained by using a heated filament for the negative electrode and protons are produced in a hydrogen-filled discharge tube from which ions pass to the main accele­rating tube.

3. There are several types of microphones being used, the most important of these being the dynamic microphone, the velocity microphone and the crystal microphone.

4. Being built on the basis of transistors lasers are success­fully used in technology.

5. The lead¹-acid battery employs a low-voltage constant-potential charging arrangement, the lamps being connected in parallel.

6. The charge of theelectron being determined, it was easy to calculate its mass.

7. The main advantage of this instrument over the moving coil type instrument is that it is capable of measuring both alternating current and direct current.

8. Obtaining new data on the device sensitivitywill beofgreat help for designers.

9. The new building housing the laboratory will be located at some distance from the main building of the plant.

10. The specific heat of solid element known,the approxi­mate atomic weight can be easily calculated.

¹ lead [ led ] — свинец

IX. Переведите, не пользуясь словарем: