2015-09-06
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Exercise 1. Identify the nature of the head words and name the paradigmatic classes of the following English and Ukrainian word-groups:
| cane sugar production, the House of Commons debate, you British, the way out, the wish to win; no go, yes man, the then trial; reading quickly; busy doing sums, red from anger, black all over, quick to answer, heavy for me to lift, simply awful, typically English, least of all, much older than he/ Pete; the first to read, the three there, two to one, three fifths; the last ones; rather well; high up in the sky, quite alike, afraid of being asked first, not ashamed to answer, the child ashamed; the book there, nobody to report, the one ahead, twice as many, more than necessary, extremely cold/nice, being home, by going westwards. | вибір твору, фільм "Тіні забутих предків", питання праці й заробітку, ви англійці, бажання знати; рано встати, читавши книжку; гарної вроди, краща з кращих; радий чути, готовий до всього; все для них, всі ми; перший з нас, один з учнів, другий скраю; надто швидко, довго попоходити; дві третіх, перші два, три з них, перший до розмови, одного з учнів; хтозна-скільки їх там, щонайменше двічі на тиждень, багато що, високо в небі, набагато довше за Петра, гарно тут; їй краще, мені прикро, страх бере. |
Exercise II. State the ways of syntactic connection (synthetic, analytical and synthetic or analytical) in the underlined word-groups in the English and counteropposed Ukrainian sentences. Point out the qualitative correlation of the ways of syntactic connection and their dominant (or otherwise) role in each contrasted language. Model: your grandfather - a substantival word-group with the analytical (asyndetic) way of connection playing a dominant role in English: читала з захопленням -a verbal word-group with the analytical (preposition з) and synthetic (inflexion-ям) way of connection, dominant in Ukrainian.
| 1. "Your grandfather died the day you were born. " (Galsworthy) 2. Barbara sits at the writing table. (B. Shaw) | "Твій дід помер у той день, як/коли ти народився Барбара сидить за письмовим столом. |
3. The doctor looked at him attentively... Лікар уважно подивився на (Christie) нього.
4. Jemie lay back on the clean white sheet. Джемі знову приліг на чисте біле (Sheldon) простирадло.
Exercise III. Suggest a corresponding Ukrainian equivalent for each predicate in the English sentences below. Single out the isomorphic and allomorphic structural types of them in the two languages.
1. He began hurriedly dressing. 2. "I'll have you at the hospital in no time". 3. "Everything is going to be fine". 4. "I won't say anything to Alexandra". 5. "This will be just between the two of us". 6. She locked herself and her baby in the room all that day and all that night and refused to come out. (Sheldon) 7. "You've gone white". (Chase) 8. "I'll be all right tomorrow". 9. "Don't look so damned sorry for yourself". 10. "Pull yourself together and try to eat something". (Christie) 11. "All I want is for competent medical experts to give the outfit a thorough trial". (Carter) 12. "Let this prescription made at the chemist's". (Cusack) 13. All furniture was cracked, warped or broken. (Bennett) 14. Clyde began to feel and look crushed at once. (Dreiser) 15. "But there is a deeper trouble still". (Leacock) 16....Taffy sat down most pleased. (Kipling) 17. I was supposed to help him in repairs and service... (M. Wilson) 18....how little was there to remember inversion. (Poe) 19. I ought to have been in bed a long time ago. (Lawrence) 20. "I wouldn't look like Giraffe — not for ever so". (Kipling) 21. I seem to be getting over it a little. (M. Wilson) 22....the fetters that bound their tongues were considered to be locked and the key thrown away. (Twain) 23. One of her most amiable traits was that she was never affronted by the naked truth. (Maugham) 24. "Splendid game cricket," remarked Barbecue-Smith. (Huxley)
Exercise IV. Give corresponding Ukrainian equivalents to all parts of the English sentences below. Identify the isomorphic or allomorphic features in their structural forms and nature in either of the contrasted languages.
1. Mr. Smith smiled a happy smile. (Priestley) 2. The man behind the
desk laughed. (Bradbury) 3. I'm sorry about the clock. (Fitzgerald) 4. I've been having lunch with Mr. Gatsby. (Ibid.) 5. None of his girls would have said such a thing. (Galsworthy) 6. The man must have been dead a week. (Green) 7. Erik says that you may be coming to New York. (M. Wilson) 8. You should be a Greek. (Aldridge) 9. The rear was brought up by Oleson, the Swede. 10. The temperature rose, and soon the snow began to fall dry and fine and crystallike. (London) 11. "His huge form shook as he gave a laugh, low, silent". 12. He uttered no word, good or bad, but sat quite still. There, at the front, he was popular in the regimental mess... (Maugham) 13. He saw that someone was watching him, standing in the shadow of one of the trees. (Murdoch) 14. Years ago, Jim used to travel for a canned goods concern over in Carterville. (Lardner) 15. And he began to purr, loud and low, low and loud. (Kipling) 16. He realised that much, no more. (F. Hardy) 17. Anyone else, but him... (Ibid.) 18. She was a tall girl, as tall as himself. (W. Macken) 19. All happened many years ago, namely in 1832. (Aldiss) 20. Alice, however, declined the driving... (Trollope) 21. The dog barked again, fiercely this time. (Steinbeck) 22. As the man lives so shall he die, as the tree falls so shall it lie. (Saying)
Exercise V. Point out and analyse the English predicative word-groups in the sentences below and suggest their corresponding Ukrainian semantic and structural equivalents.
1. She did not want him to be laughed at. (Cronin) 2. He waited for her to speak, but she did not. (Ibid.) 3. For about ten days we seemed to have been living on nothing but cold meat, cake, and bread and jam. (J. K. Jerome) 4. We saw behind us thousands and thousands of white gulls, dipping, wheeling, brushing the water with their wings. (Galsworthy) 5. He saw himself and Ruth reading and discussing poetry. (London) 6. That being so, then he could rise to Ruth. (Ibid.) 7. After the data being obtained, the crystal was taken from the oil-bath. (M. Wilson) 8. He sat up suddenly, his muscular tensity in laughing aloud and the laugh being carried by the wind away from me. (Saroyan) 9. "Even Mummy could't mistake that for me being killed". (Kipling)
Exercise VI. Suggest Ukrainian equivalents for the English simple and composite sentences below. Point out isomorphisms or allomorphisms in the corresponding communicative/structural types of sentences in the contrasted languages.
1. It's funny that your husband should never look at you. 2. "I may be very stupid, but I can't make head or tail out of what you're saying". (Maugham) 3. "And I'm glad you came to us, Mademoiselle Marchand". 4. The white young woman. (Updike) 5. That was my father's ship passing over the town. (Bradbury) 6. It's the only way, you know. (Greene) 7. But I couldn't keep my goddam eyes open and I fell asleep. 8. Is she to take it that everything is O'K? (Salinger) 9. You could hear him putting away his crumby toilet articles and all. (Ibid.) 10. To Roberta, since he wouldn't her, he was telephoning briefly. (Dreiser) 11. His house was too far away for anyone to come to meet him. (Cusack) 12. "I am very fond of being looked at". (Wilde) 13. I wish, I were Pyle. (Greene) 14. Oh, if I only could go back to my flower basket. (B. Shaw) 15. "Why start tomorrow?" (Warren) 16. To do one's bit, and not worry? (Galsworthy) 17. Eat the orange in her hand, and throw away the rind. (Ibid.) 18. "Get the hell out of here". (Maugham) 19. "Oh, I beg your pardon". (Fitzgerald) 20. "Has she the children then?" "Yes". (Maugham) 21. "Are you very angry with me?" "No. Not all". (Ibid.) 22. "Sweetie, I don't honestly like this very much." (F. King) 23. "Diana! How lovely!"
24. "Bob, give me a hand with this screen... Would you, Bob?" (Ibid.)
25. "Seen a doctor, Charlie-boy? "Yes." (Jessing) 26. "Have you got a girl?" "Two." 27. "You ambidextrous?" "Yes, always was." 28. "You should be saying these things to him." "What?" (Ibid.)
Exercise VII. Analyse the structure of the English complex sentences and their counteropposed Ukrainian equivalents below and identify the types of the English sub-clauses and the allomorphic features in the structural forms of some sentences of the contrasted languages.
1. I wish I knew how to reward you. Знав би я/хотів би я знати,
(Seton-Thompson) як вам віддячити.
2. "I wish you'd tell him how sorry I am to hear he's laid up". (Priestley)
3. If you had not said that last I would have put all these things away for always. (Ibid.)
4. Still I remember how it looked and how it was used. (O'Dell)
5. I hope he is not very dear to you. (Baldwin)
6. We'll look for today, if you want to. (Ibid.)
7. "We'll go and live in New York, if you say". (Dreiser)
8. Oh, if she only could have such
a part, how broad would be her life. (Ibid.)
9. Ah, 1 wish I were fifteen again. (Maugham)
10. Whom God would ruin, he first deprives of reason.
11. Who goes more bare than the shoemaker's wife and the smith's mare?
12. When the rogues (thieves) fall out honest men come by their own.
13. While the grass grows, the horse (steed) starves.
14. Little griefs are loud, great griefs are silent. (Idioms)
15. Suddenly, like a clap of thunder from a clear sky, comes a disruption in
industry. (London)
16. "What man has done, man can do." (H. Wells)
Хочу, щоб ви переказали йому, як я жалкую, що він вийшов із гри. Якби ти був не сказав мені це наостанку, я б усе це був назавжди покинув... Однак я пригадую, який він був і як ним (човном) плавали. Сподіваюся, ти не дуже шкодуєш за ним.
Ми можемо сьогодні ще пошукати, якщо хочеш. Якщо захочете, ми переїдемо жити до Нью-Йорка. О, якби їй таку роль — яким багатим стало б її життя. О, я б хотіла, аби мені знову було п'ятнадцять років. Кого бог хоче покарати, того він найперше позбавляє його розуму. Хто найчастіше ходить у драних черевиках, як не шевцева дружина. Коли шахраї (злодії) сваряться, виграють чесні/порядні люди. Доки сонце зійде, роса очі виїсть.
Мала біда кричить, а велика (біда) мовчить.
Раптом, як грім серед ясного неба, з'являються негаразди в промисловості.
Людина робить те, що вона може. (Не святі горшки ліплять)
Exercise VIII. Analyse carefully each of the three (A.B.C.) structural types of Ukrainian composite sentences, translate them into English and give the surface models reflecting the interdependence of their coordinated or subordinated componental parts.
A. 1. He загримів ні грім у хмарах, ні зловісні блискавиці не розкраяли неба врочистим спалахом, ні не повивертали з корінням мо-
гутніх столітніх дубів. (Довженко) 2. Лиш небо гуде неокрає, Та сім'я журавлина на крилах весну підіймає, Та ясними ночами зорі світять мечами, на Дону, на Дніпрі, на Дунаї. (Малишко) 3. То вітерець дихне по ниві, То коник в житі засюрчить, То радісно бджола з добутком, з квітки, задзижчить. (Глібов) 4. І колишеться м'ята, і тремтить долина, і доріг тих багато, А вітчизна одна. (Малишко) 5. Чи щось сказати хоче, чи так душа болить, чи розгнівалась на когось, чи все разом бентежиться в її вразливій натурі. (Шумило)
В. 1. Не поет, хто забуває про страшні народні рани, щоб собі на вільні руки золоті надіть кайдани. (Л. Українка) 2. Там, де Личка круто в'ється, де хати в садах, де носила мене мати в поле на руках, там я знаю кожну стежку, кожен камінець, там узяв я пісню в серце із людських сердець. 3. Я жив би двічі і помер би двічі, Якби було нам два життя дано, Щоб ворогові глянути у вічі, Не зганьбленим зберігши знамено. (Бажан)
С. 1. Ідуть од шахти шахтарі, А даль така широка та іскриста Там, де рум'яна стежка од зорі Біжить в село, що стало уже містом. (Сосюра) 2. Така там була температура, так мене парою проймало, стільки крові з мене вийшло, що я відчув себе здоровим. (Яновсь-кий) 3. Осяяні місяцем гори блищать, Осрібляні місяцем сосни шумлять, А море і сердиться і лає вітри, що нишком його підслухують з гори. (Олесь)
