J. B. Priestley

STYLE IN APHORISMS 11

1 Let us therefore trust the eternal Spirit which destroys and annihilates only because it is the unfathomable and eternal source of all life. The passion for destruction is a creative passion too.

Mikhail Bakunin (1814 - 1876)

2. Man is one: greatness and animal fused together. None of his acts is pure charity. None is pure bestiality. Mariama Bâ (1929 - 1981) Senegalese novelist and campaigner for women's rights.

3 Friendship has splendors that love knows not. It grows stronger when crossed, whereas obstacles kill love. Friendship resists time, which wearies and severs couples. It has heights unknown to love.

Mariama Bâ, Senegalese novelist and campaigner for women's rights.

4. One imagines the birth of happiness to be accompanied by some great spectacular upheaval. One can imagine it flowering in the most luxurious setting. Yet happiness is born of a trifle, feeds on nothing. Mariama Bâ, Senegalese novelist and campaigner for women's rights.

5. When talking about the violence of paint, it's nothing to do with the violence of war. It's to do with an attempt to remake the violence of reality itself. Francis Bacon, Irish-born British artist.

6. Alonso of Aragon was wont to say in commendation of age, that age appears to be best in four things—old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust, and old authors to read.

7. A healthy body is the guest-chamber of the soul, a sick, its prison. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626) English philosopher, statesman, and lawyer.

8. In civil business; what first? boldness; what second and third? boldness: and yet boldness is a child of ignorance and baseness. Francis Bacon

9. A dance is a measured pace, as a verse is a measured speech. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)

English philosopher, statesman, and lawyer.

10. If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts, he shall end in certainties. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626) English philosopher, statesman, and lawyer.

11. Fame is like a river, that beareth up things light and swollen, and drowns things weighty and solid. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626 ) English philosopher, statesman, and lawyer.

12. A crowd is not company, and faces are but a gallery of pictures, and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)

13. Cosmus, Duke of Florence, was wont to say of perfidious friends, that "We read that we ought to forgive our enemies; but we do not read that we ought to forgive our friends."

14. The poets did well to conjoin Music and Medicine in Apollo, because the office of Medicine is but to tune this curious harp of man's body and to reduce it to harmony. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626) English philosopher, statesman, and lawyer.

15. Choreography is like cooking or gardening. Not like painting because painting stays. Dancing disintegrates. Like a garden. Lots of roses come up, and in the evening they're gone.

George Balanchine (1904 - 1983) Russian-born U.S. choreographer

16. Why do you want me to carry on? There is no one left to dress. Cristóbal Balenciaga (1895 - 1972) Spanish fashion designer. Referring to his retirement.

17. In a totally sane society, madness is the only freedom. J. G. Ballard (1930 -)

Chinese-born British writer.

18. The trick of wearing mink is to look as though you are wearing a cloth coat. The trick of wearing a cloth coat is to look as though you are wearing mink. Pierre Balmain (1914 - 1982)

French couturier

19. Hatred is a tonic, it makes one live, it inspires vengeance; but pity kills, it makes our weakness weaker. Honoré de Balzac (1799 - 1850 ) French writer.

20. Happy beings are grave. They carry their happiness cautiously, as they would a glass filled to the brim which the slightest movement could cause to spill over, or break. Jules-Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly (1808 - 1889) French novelist and critic.

21. Nicknames...give away the whole drama of man. They fall into many classes; the three most current are: those we invent to make a person what he should be...those we invent to make him appear what he is not...and those we invent to more tightly wrap him in that which he is.

Djuna Barnes (1892 - 1982) U.S. writer and illustrator.

DEVICES OF STYLE

1.The Bird of Time has but a little way / To flutter—and the Bird is on the Wing” (The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyam),

2...Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer/The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles... (Shakespeare).

3. Well then; I now do plainly see,/This busy world and I shall ne'er agree; /The very honey of all earthly joy/Does of all meats the soonest cloy. (A. Cowley).

4. Here rests his head upon the lap of earth/A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown:/Fair science frowned not on his humble birth,/And Melancholy marked him for her own. (Thomas Gray)

5. Mark Antony's speech in Julius Caesar in which he asks of his audience: “Lend me your ears.”

6.The western wave was all aflame ...(Samuel Taylor Coleridge “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”)

7. Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross,
To see a fine lady upon a white horse;
Rings on her fingers and bells on her toes,
She shall have music wherever she goes.

8. For everything there is a season, and a time/for every matter under heaven: a time to be born, and a time to die ... Old Testament (Ecclesiastes 3:1–2)

9.For I will consider my Cat Jeoffry.
For he is the servant of the Living God duly
and daily serving him.
For at the first glance of the glory of God in the
East he worships in his way.(Christopher Smart)

10. O where ha' you been, Lord Randal, my son?
And where ha' you been, my handsome young man?”
“I ha' been at the greenwood; mother, mak my bed soon,
For I'm wearied wi' huntin', and fain wad lie down.” (Old Ballad)

11. And they, methinks, deserve my pity/Who for it can endure the stings,/The crowd, and buzz, and murmurings/Of this great hive, the city. (Abraham Cowley).

12. Numb were the beadsman's fingers, while he told
His rosary, and while his frosted breath,
Like pious incense from a censer old,
Seem'd taking flight for heaven, without a death,
Past the sweet Virgin's picture, while his prayer he saith(John Keats “The Eve of St. Agnes”)

13. Swallow, my sister, O sister swallow,
How can thine heart be full of the spring?(Algernon Charles Swinburne “ Itylus ”)

14. There is no end of it, the voiceless wailing,/No end to the withering of withered flowers,/To the movement of pain that is painless and motionless,/To the drift of the sea and the drifting wreckage/

The bone's prayer to Death its God. (T.S.Eliot)

15.I arise from dreams of thee /In the first sweet sleep of night (Shelley “ The Indian Serenade ”)

16. The C ity's voice it s elf is s oft like S olitude's. (Shelley)

17. Twenty-eight young men bathe by the shore,
Twenty-eight young men and all so friendly;
Twenty-eight years of womanly life and all
so lonesome.
She owns the fine house by the rise of the
bank,
She hides, handsome and richly drest aft the
blinds of the window. (Walt Whitman “ Song of Myself ”)

18. Oft of one wide expanse had I been told
That deep-browed Homer ruled as his demesne. (John Keats)

19.whale-path” or “swan road” = “sea,” “God's beacon” = “sun,” “ring-giver” =“king.”(Old Saxon)

20. Why, if two gods should play some heavenly
match
And on the wager lay two earthly women,
And Portia one, there must be something else
Pawned with the other, for the poor rude
world
Hath not her fellow. (Shakespeare).

21. Lean famine stalked the land.

22.... my horse whose legs are like quick lightning /whose body is an eagle-plumed arrow (Navajo praise poem)

23. Was it for this the clay grew tall?
–O what made fatuous sunbeams toil
To break earth's sleep at all In the sun born over and over... (Wilfred Owen,)

24. I ran my heedless ways / My wishes raced through the house-high hay / And nothing I cared, at my sky blue trades, that time allows /In his tuneful turning..... (Dylan Thomas, “ Fern Hill,”)

25.She burns like a shot glass of vodka. /She burns like a field of poppies /at the edge of a rainforest. (Yusef Komunyakaa, “You and I Are Disappearing,” 1993)

26. Old Women in your elbow chairs,
Who now will be your fence and shield,
When wintry blasts and cutting airs
Are busy in both house and field? (William Wordsworth, “ Elegy,”)

27. Necessity is the mother of invention.

28.The beach is hot, the fronds/of yellow dwarf palms rust,/the clouds are close as friends, /the sea has not learned rest... (Derek Walcott, “Beachhead,”)

29. the accent with which you love, the language with which you write, the soft wind with which you hear, only know of you through your throat (César Vallejo, Untitled)

30. O wha is this has done this deed,
This ill deed done to me,
To send me out this time o' the year,
To sail upon the sea? (Emily Dickinson)

31. That whisky priest, I wish we had never had him in the house. (Graham Greene).

32. You bubble-mouthing, fog-blathering, chin-chuntering, chap-flapping, liturgical, turgidical, base old man! (Christopher Fry).

34. Among the great achievements of Benito Mussolini's regime were the revival of a strong national consciousness, the expansion of the Italian Empire, and the running of the trains on time.

35. To err is human, to forgive divine. (Alexander Pope).

36. Hail divinest Melancholy, whose saintly visage is too bright to hit the sense of human sight. (J.Milton)

37. It is an outrage to bind a Roman citizen; it is a crime to scourge him; it is almost parricide to kill him; but to crucify him—what shall I say of this?.

38. “Lavatory,rest room” = “toilet,” pass away” =“die.”

39. O villain, villain, smiling damned villain! (Shakespeare Hamlet)

40. Dr. Johnson drank his tea in oceans Thomas Babington Macaulay).

41. The poor people of Ireland should rid themselves of poverty by selling their children to the rich to eat. (Jonathan Swift “A Modest Proposal”)

42. The English poet Thomas Gray showed no inconsiderable powers as a prose writer.

43. God's law is a light to my feet and a lamp to my path.(Book of Psalms).

44. He uttered a volley of oaths and then tore through the building..

45. The hostess kept a good table.

46....the humming bee, the cackling hen, the whizzing arrow, and the buzzing saw.

.47... lovers speak of living deaths, dear wounds, fair storms, and freezing fires (Philip Sidney)

48. Night enfolded the town in its ebon wings.

49. Did you help me when I needed help? Did you once offer to intercede in my behalf? Did you do anything to lessen my load?

50. Christianity shone like a beacon in the black night of paganism.

51. But, like a thirsty wind, to roam about... (William Wordsworth)

52. To err is human, to forgive divine. (Alexander Pope)

53. Candy
Is dandy
But liquor
Is quicker.(Ogden Nash)

54. To be an Englishman is to belong to the most exclusive club there is.(Ogden Nash).

55. I have a bone to pick with Fate,
Come here and tell me, girlie,
Do you think my mind is maturing late,
Or simply rotted early? (Ogden Nash)

56. Some people's money is merited,and other people's is inherited. (Ogden Nash)

57. How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge? (Bible)

58. A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels/To understand a proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark sayings.(Words of Solomon).

59. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.

My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:

For they shall be an ornament of grace unto thy head, and chains about thy neck.(Words of Solomon).

60. please all, and you will please none(Aesop).

62. If by the people you understand the multitude, 'tis no matter what they think; they are sometimes in the right, sometimes in the wrong; their judgement is a mere lottery.(John Dryden)

63. Men are but children of a larger growth;
Our appetites as apt to change as theirs,
And full as craving too, and full as vain. (John Dryden)

64. Thou strong seducer, opportunity!(John Dryden)

65. All humane things are subject to decay,
And, when Fate summons, Monarchs must obey(John Dryden)

66. Pity melts the mind to love. (John Dryden)

67. Drinking is the soldier's pleasure;

Rich the treasure;

Sweet the pleasure;

Sweet is pleasure after pain.(John Dryden)

STYLISTICS.FINAL TEST

1. Pick out samples of functional styles and name their types:

“Are you the duck that runs the gospel next door?”

“Am I the – pardon me, I believe I do not understand?” With another sigh and a half-sob, Scotty rejoined:

“Why you see we are in a bit of trouble, and the boys thought maybe you would give us a lift if we’d tackle you – that is, if I’ve got the rights of it and you are the head clerk of the doxology next door.”

“I am the shepherd in charge of the flock whose fold is next door.”

“The which?”

“The spiritual adviser of the little company of belivers whose sanctuary adjoins these premises.” Scotty scratched his head, reflected a moment, and then said:

“You rather hold over me, pard. I reckon I can’t call that hand. Ante and pass the buck.”

“How? I beg pardon. What did I understand you to say?”

“Well you ruther got the bulge on me. Or maybe we’ve both got the bulge, somehow. You don’t smoke me and I don’t smoke you. You see, one of the boys had passed in his checks, and we want to give him a good send-off, and so the thing I’m on now is to roust out somebody to jerk a little chin-music for us and waltz him through handsome.”

“My friend, I seem to gro more and more bewildered. Your observations are wholly incomprehensible to me. Cannot you simplify them in some way? At first I thought perhaps I understood you, but I grope now. Would it not expedite matters if you restricted yourself to categorical statements of fact unencumbered with obstructing accumulations of metaphor and allegory?”

(MARK TWAIN. “Buck Fanshaw’s Funeral”)

11.State the type of syntactical expressive means:

1. Alone, alone all, all alone,

Alone on a wide, wide sea! (COLERIDGE)

2. And on the wave a deeper blue,

And on the leaf a browner hue….(BYRON)

3. Up went the rocket, the hands went up.

4. Here’s a gentleman wants to know you. (GALSWORTHY)

5. What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we least expect generally happens. (DISRAELI)

111. State the type of relationship between the pairs of words and the quality of words in italics:

1. sweat – perspire; 2. morn – morning; 3. Y eoman; 4. Moccasins; 5. Should you ask me, whence these stories;.... With the dew and damp of meadows... (LONGFELLOW); 6. horse – steed; 7. man – individual; 8. The rain was steady and it rained and rained for days. 9. lord – laird(Scotch); 10. big gun – important person; 11. money – slippery staff; 12. underpants – unwhisperables

IV. State the types and means of developing convergency upon various levels:

Surrey all in one blaze like a forest fire. Great clouds of dirty yellow smoke rolling up. Nine carat gold. Sky – water-green to lettuce green. A few top clouds, yellow and solid as lemons. River disappeared out of its hole. Just a gap full of the same fire, the same smoky gold, the same green. Fat bank like a magic island floating in the green.

(JOYCE CARY)

V. Define the type of tropes:

1.Society is now a polished horde,

Formed of two mighty tribes, the Bores and the Bored. (BYRON)

2.All days are nights if I see thee,

And nights bright days when dreams do show thee me. (SHAKESPEARE)

3. What words can strangle this deaf moonlight?

4. Most are accepters, born and bred to harness, And take things as they come. (L.MACNEICE)

V1. Define the notions of:

1. foregrounding; 2.asyndeton; 3. suspense; 4. litotes;; 5. connotation.