Questions and TASKS

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1. Give semantic characteristic of familiar style.

2. Why does conversational style allow the occurrence of the entire range of intonation patterns existing in English?

3. What is the general aim of this phonetic style?

4. Speak on the nuclear tones, speed of utterance, rhythm and pauses.

5. What are the types of hesitation phenomena that occur here?

6. Is precision in the matter of vocabulary important in this style?

7. How do you account for the differences between telephone and non-telephone conversational situations? Compare texts in terms of hesitation phenomena.

8. What constraints does the absence of visual contact between the speaker and the hearer impose on the kind of linguistic and extralinguistic features used in conversation?

POETRY

IF ♫

If ˈyou can ˈkeep your ‘head when ˈall a’bout you
Are ˈlosing ˇ theirs and ˈblaming it on _\ you;
If you can ˈtrust yourself when ˈall ˙men ˇ doubt you,
But ↘make al ˇ lowance for their ↘doubting ¦ ˇ too;
If you can ˆ wait and ˈnot be ˆ tired ¦ by ‘waiting,
Or ˈbeing ‘lied aˌbout don’t ↘deal in ‘lies,
Or ˈbeing ˆ hated, ˈdon’t ˙give way to ˆ hating,
And >yet ˈdon’t ˙look ˙too ‘good, nor ‘talk ¦ too _\ wise:

If you can ‘dream│– and ˈnot make ‘dreams ¦ your ‘master;
If you can ‘think – and ˈnot make ˇ thoughts your ‘aim;
If you can ˈmeet with ‘triumph ¦ ‘and di’saster
And ˆ treat these ˌtwo imˌpostors ¦ ‘just the ˌsame;
If you can ˈbear to ˙hear the ‘truth ¦ you’ve _\ spoken
“Twisted ¦ by _\\ knaves to ˌmake a “trap ¦ for _\\ fools,
Or ˈwatch the>things ¦ you ˈgave your ‘life to ¦ _\\ broken,
And >stoop and ˈbuild ‘em ‘up with “worn ↘out >tools;

If ˈyou can ˈmake one ‘heap of ˈall ˙your ‘winnings
And ‘risk it ¦ on “one ‘turn of ˈpitch and >toss,
And >lose, and ˈstart a’gain ¦ at ˈyour be _\ ginnings
And ˈnever ˈbreathe a >word about ˈyour ‘loss;
If you can ˈforce ˈyour ‘heart and >nerve│and ‘sinew
To ˈserve your >turn│ˈlong ˈafter they are _\ gone,
And ‘so ˈhold ‘on when there is “nothing >in you
Exˈcept the >Will which >says to ˙them: ¦ “”Hold ‘on!”

If you can ˈtalk with >crowds and “keep ˙your ‘virtue,
Or ˌwalk with “kings│– ˈnor ˈlose the ‘common ˌtouch,
If ˈneither >foes nor ˈloving >friends ¦ can _\ hurt you,
If ‘all men ¦ _\ count with you, but >none ¦ “too _\ much;
If ˈyou can ‘fill the “unforgiving >minute
With “sixty “seconds ˌworth of ˈdistance _\ run –
>Yours ¦ is the _\ Earth and “everything that’s _\ in it,
>And – ˈwhich is _\ more│– you’ll be a _\\ Man, ¦ my _\ son!