Разделительный вопрос

Структурно разделительные вопросы состоят из двух частей: повествовательного предложения и краткого общего вопроса (вспомогат. глагол+подлеж., выраженное местоимением). Если повествовательная часть утвердительная по форме, то вопрос имеет отрицательную форму.

You are at the University, aren’t you?

She can/must do the work, can’t she? Mustn’t she?

Если повествовательная часть отрицательная по форме, то вопрос имеет утвердительную форму.

You are not at the University, are you?

She cannot do the work, can she?

Сокращённые формы: isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, shan’t, won’t, hasn’t, haven’t, can’t, mustn’t.

Обратите внимание: I am late, aren’t I?

Специальный вопрос

С точки зрения структуры выделяют 2 типа специальных вопросов:

1) специальный вопрос к подлежащему или определению подлежащего

В таких вопросах употребляется прямой порядок слов, и глагол-сказуемое употребляется в 3-м лице единственного числа того времени, какое употребляется в предложении.

We are at the University. Who is at the University?

They have many books. Who has many books?

They had many books. Who had many books?

We shall have many books. Who will have many books?

She can/must/may do the work. Who can/must/may do the work?

2) специальный вопрос ко всем остальным членам предложения, который строится на основе структуры общего вопроса с прибавлением вопросительного слова (Вопр. слово+ вспом. гл.+ подл.+ сказ)

		+	You	are	at the University.
Общ.		Are	you		at the University.
Спец.	When	are	you		at the University.

				+	They	have	many books.
Общ.				Have	they		many books?
Спец.			What	have	they?
	How	many	books	have	they?

+ She can / must / may do the work.

Общ.		Can/must/may	she		do the work?
Спец.	When	can/must/may	she		do the work?
	What	can/must/may	she		do?

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1. Задайте вопрос, воспользовавшись вопросительным словом в скобках и проверьте по ключу.

вопросы с глаголами can, must, may:

They can tell us his name. (who, what)

Who can tell us his name?

What can they tell us?

1. They can change their plan now. (who, when, what) 2. You might give us an idea. (who) 3. The student could write his test paper yesterday. (when, who, what) 4. He must speak about every fact. (who) 5. You may try another method. (what)

Ключ:

1. Who can change their plan now? When can they change their plan? What can they change now? 2. Who might give us an idea? 3. When could the student write his test paper? Who could write the test paper yesterday? What could the student write yesterday? 4. Who must speak about every fact? 5. What may you try?

вопросы с глаголом to be:

1. The boys were at college last year. (who, when) 2. Ann’s teacher is in the classroom now. (who, when, where) 3. It was easy to find these words in the text. (what, where) 4. They will be late tomorrow. (who, when) 5. The box was open. (what, why)

Ключ:

1. Who was at college last year? When were the boys at college? 2. Who is in the classroom now? When is Ann’s teacher in the classroom? Where is Ann’s teacher now? 3. What was easy to find in the text? Where was it is easy to find these words? 4. Who will be late tomorrow? When will they be late? 5. What was open? Why was the box open?

вопросы с оборотом there is/there are:

1. There are two faculties for humanities in this college. (how many) 2. There was a beautiful little book in his hands. (what kind of) 3. There will be another branch of research in this chemical lab. (what) 4. There were a few outstanding scientists at the conference yesterday. (how many) 5. There is one family in every house. (how many)

Ключ:

1. How many faculties for humanities are there in this college? 2. What kind of book was there in his hands? 3. What will there be in this chemical lab? 4. How many outstanding scientists were there at the conference yesterday? 5. How many families are there in every house?