X 1 points) Complete the text with the words from the list. Write your answers in the boxes

There are many different sorts of business meeting, and how the participants behave varies from country to country. In France meetings are generally use for (1) … and coordination rather than discussing (2) … and (3) … decisions.

Meetings in Italy seem to be the most informal in Europe. They don’t usually follow an (4) … and people often come and go as they please. In fact, sometimes Italian meetings are more like a social gathering, used to reinforce a sense of togetherness.

It is very different in Spain, where meetings do little to create a (5)... spirit. The Spanish prefer to be independent and make decisions on their own. Meetings are often a (6)... of time because it is impossible to get everyone to (7)....

a. briefing b. alternatives c. making d. agenda

e. team f. waste g. agree

Х 1 points) Scan the text and decide if the statements are true, false or there is no information about them. Write your answers (A, B, or C) in the boxes.

Money is not only a means of exchange but also a means of measuring the value of men’s labour. In economic theory, “labour” is any work undertaken in return for a fixed payment. The work undertaken by a mother in caring for her children may be hard work, but it receives no fixed payment. It is nor therefore labour in the strict economic sense.

As a scientist, the economist is interested in measuring the services which people render to each other. Although he is aware of the services which people provide for no financial reward, he is not concerned with these services. He is interested essentially in services which are measurable in terms of money payments of a fixed and/or regular nature. In economics, money is a standard by which the value of things is judged. This standard is not a religious or subjective standard, but an objective and scientific one.

Human labour produces both goods and services, the activities of a farm worker and a nurse are very different, but both are measurable in terms of payment received. Labour in this sense is not concerned with distinctions of social class, but simply with the payment of wages in return for work. When we talk about “the national labour force”, however, we are thinking of all those people who are available for work within the nation, i.e. the working population.

It should be noted that any person engaged in private business is not paid a fixed sum for his activities. He is self-employed and his activities are partly those of an employer and partly those of an employee. If however he employs an assistant, to whom he pays a fixed wage, his new employee provides labour in return for payment. He receives his wages, while his employer receives the surplus (large or small) from the whole business. This surplus is the reward of private enterprise and is known as “profit”.

1. Money is both a means of exchange and a means of measuring labour.