Read the text and answer the questions

ВСТУП

Методичні вказівки призначені для студентів для студентів 2 курсу напряму підготовки 6.050202 «Автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології» денної форми навчання.

Дані методичні вказівки розраховані на студентів, які вичають англійську мову з метою використання її в професійній діяльності.

Тематика, лексичний мінімум, система вправ спрямовані на досягнення головної мети.

Мета даних методичних вказівок – формування комунікативної мовленнєвої компетенції на матеріалі оригінальних текстів фахової тематики.

Методичні вказівки містять автентичні тексти, післятекстові завдання та словник найбільш уживаних професійних термінів, які сприяють подальшому розвитку набутих мовних навичок для задоволення практичних та професійних потреб в сфері комп’ютерних технологій.

Система завдань будується на фаховій лексиці, спрямована на полегшення засвоєння поданого тематичного та мовного матеріалу, та містить ряд проблемних завдань, що розвивають творче мислення студентів.

Дані методичні вказівки сприятимуть формуванню у студентів професійно орінтованих комунікативних мовленнєвих компетенцій та є додатковим спонукальним мотивом для удосконалення навичок усного та писемного мовлення в професійній сфері.

Unit 1 Electrical engineering (part 1)

Read the text and answer the questions.

 

Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. Now it covers a range of subtopics including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications.

Electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and motor control, whereas electronic engineering deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including computers and integrated circuits. Alternatively, electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy, while electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to transmit information.

Electrical engineering has many sub-disciplines, the most popular of which are listed below.

Power engineering deals with the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity as well as the design of a range of related devices. These include transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high voltage engineering and power electronics. In many regions of the world, governments maintain an electrical network called a power grid that connects a variety of generators together with users of their energy. Users purchase electrical energy from the grid, avoiding the costly exercise of having to generate their own. Power engineers may work on the design and maintenance of the power grid as well as the power systems that connect to it. Power engineers may also work on systems that are not connected to the grid, called off-grid power systems, which in some cases are preferable to on-grid systems.

Control engineering focuses on the modeling of a diverse range of dynamic systems and the design of controllers that will cause these systems to behave in the desired manner. To implement such controllers electrical engineers may use electrical circuits, digital signal processors, microcontrollers and PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). Control engineering has a wide range of applications from the flight and propulsion systems of commercial airliners to the cruise control present in many modern automobiles. It also plays an important role in industrial automation.

Control engineers often utilize feedback when designing control systems. For example, in an automobile with cruise control the vehicle's speed is continuously monitored and fed back to the system which adjusts the motor's power output accordingly. Where there is regular feedback, control theory can be used to determine how the system responds to such feedback.

Electronic engineering involves the design and testing of electronic circuits that use the properties of components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality. The tuned circuit, which allows the user of a radio to filter out all but a single station, is just one example of such a circuit..

Before the invention of the integrated circuit in 1959, electronic circuits were constructed from discrete components that could be manipulated by humans. These discrete circuits consumed much space and power and were limited in speed, although they are still common in some applications. By contrast, integrated circuits packed a large number—often millions—of tiny electrical components, mainly transistors, into a small chip around the size of a coin. This allowed for the powerful computers and other electronic devices we see today.

 

1. What is Electrical engineering concerned with?

2. What is the area of concern for electronic engineering?

3. How does power engineering manifest itself in practical life?

4. How were early electronic circuits different from integrated circuits?