Specify priority directions of environmental monitoring

In studies of factors and sources of environmental impact, a number of top priorities have been identified in considering such monitoring objects as territory, environment, pollution ingredients and sources of pollution.Prioritization is based on the properties of pollutants and the ability to organize observations and is conducted according to the following criteria:

Ø the amount of actual or potential impact on human health and well-being, on the climate or ecosystem;

Ø propensity to degradation in the natural environment and accumulation in humans and food chains:

Ø Possibility of chemical transformation in physical and biological systems, as a result of which secondary (daughter) substances can be more toxic or harmful;

Ø mobility, mobility;

Ø actual or possible trends of concentration in the environment and (or) in man;

Ø frequency and (or) magnitude of the impact;

Ø the possibility of measurements;

Ø value for assessing the state of the environment.

In order to monitor, it is necessary to clearly understand what is pollution of the environment and what are the pollutants.

On the sources of environmental pollution is a separate course.

Let me remind you that pollution of the OS is understood as any introduction of non-living or inanimate components that are not characteristic of it, physical or structural changes, interrupting or disturbing the processes of circulation and metabolism, energy flows with a decrease in productivity or the destruction of this ecosystem.

There are natural pollution caused by natural, often catastrophic causes, for example, a volcanic eruption, and anthropogenic, arising from human activities.

There are several schemes for the division of anthropogenic pollutants (pollution), for example, according to N.F. To Reimers (1990), anthropogenic pollutants are divided into material (dust, gases, ash, slag, etc.) and physical or energy (thermal energy, electric and electromagnetic fields, noise, vibration, etc.).

Material, in turn, is divided into mechanical, chemical and biological. To mechanical dust and aerosols of atmospheric air, solid particles in water and soil concern. Chemical (ingredients) are various gaseous, liquid and solid chemical compounds and elements that enter the atmosphere, hydrosphere and interacting with the environment: acids, alkalis, sulfur dioxide, emulsions and others.

Biological pollutants are all kinds of organisms that appear with the participation of a person and harm it - fungi, bacteria, blue-green algae, etc.