Classification of nouns

ЮЖНЫЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

 

 

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА

АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

 

 

Ростов-на-Дону

 

 

УДК 811.111.81’366

ББК 81.2.Англ – 2

Ш 85

 

 

Ответственный редактор:

Кандидат филологических наук Л.П. Шрамко

Рецензент:

Доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры теории и практики английского языка ЮФУ Н.Г. Склярова

 

Шрамко Л.П., Погребная И.Ф., Степанова Е.Н.

Ш 85 Практическая грамматика английского языка: Учебник по грамматике английского языка для студентов 1курса Института филологии, журналистики и мкк. – Ростов н/Д: ЮФУ, 2016

 

 

Учебник состоит из двух частей: «Морфология» и «Синтаксис». В первой части содержатся базовые сведения о частях речи английского языка, их свойствах и нормах употребления в современном английском языке. Во второй части представлены правила построения простого и сложного предложений, особенности членов предложения и способы их выражения, а также правила пунктуации.

 

УДК 811.111.81’366

ББК 81.2.Англ – 2

 

© Шрамко Л.П., 2016

© Погребная И.Ф., 2016

© Степанова Е.Н., 2016

 

CONTENTS

 

Part 1: Morphology
The Noun
The category of number
The category of case
Gender
Noun determiners and quantifiers
The Article
Use of articles with common nouns
Articles with countable nouns
Use of articles with countable nouns modified by attributes
Use of articles with uncountable nouns
Articles with the nouns of material
Articles with abstract nouns
Articles with nouns in some syntactic functions and patterns
Special cases of the use of articles
Use of articles with proper nouns
Articles with personal names
Use of articles with personal names modified by attributes
Articles with geographical names
Articles with other proper nouns
The Pronoun
Personal pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Negative pronouns
Defining pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns
Interrogative pronouns
Relative pronouns
Conjunctive pronouns
The Adjective
Degrees of comparison
Substantivized adjectives
The words of the category of state
The Numeral
Cardinal numerals
Ordinal numerals
The Adverb
The place of an adverb in a sentence
Degrees of comparison of adverbs
The Verb
The categories of Tense and Aspect
The category of Voice
The category of Mood
The Indicative Mood
The Present Tense Forms
The Past Tense Forms
The Future Tense Forms
The Future in the Past Tense Forms
The Rule of the Sequence of Tenses
Passive Voice
Modal Verbs
The Non-Finite Forms of the verbs (Verbals)
The Interjection
The Preposition
The Conjunction
Part II: Syntax
The simple sentence
Parts of the sentence
Indirect Speech
The composite sentence
Punctuation

PART I: MORPHOLOGY

PARTS OF SPEECH

THE NOUN

The noun is a part of speech denoting substance in a wide sense. They denote persons, places, things, concepts, qualities, organizations, communities, feelings, events, etc.

Nouns have the following morphological characteristics:

- Nouns that can be counted have the category of number (the singular and the plural);

- Nouns denoting living beings and some nouns denoting lifeless things have the category of case (the common case and the genitive case).

Nouns have the following syntactical characteristics:

The noun can be used in a sentence in the syntactical functions of subject, object, predicative, attribute, and adverbial modifier.

CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS

According to their meaning nouns can be classified into Proper nouns and Common nouns.

Proper nouns are individual names given to separate persons or things. They can be divided into personal names, geographical names, names of months and days of the week, names of ships, hotels, clubs, etc. In general, words which begin with capital letters and are not at the beginning of sentences are called ‘proper’ nouns.

Common nouns are names that can be applied to any individual of a class of persons or things, to collections of similar individuals or things regarded as a single unit, materials, and abstract notions. They can be divided as in the table below.