2018-02-14
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2 When did the world population reach 1 billion people and when were other billions added?
3 At what rate does the world population grow?
4 On what assumption does the so-called “medium variant“ depend?
5 How is the rapid growth of the world population after reaching 2 billion described?
6 In what way does the population grow?
7 What is the difference between the rate of the population in the late 1960s and the mid-1990s?
8 How do the countries share in the population growth?
2 Give Russian equivalents for the following word-combinations:
to bring people together, interconnected and interdependent, the planet’s carrying capacity, rapidly advancing technology, the dramatic growth, present trends, retirement benefits, to witness the population surge, world fertility rate, to settle at a point (level), articulated principle, exponential ratio, accelerating rate, savings account, to earn interest, original investment, interest payment, the most striking demographic development, declining population growth rate, incremental contribution, net population growth, inevitability of prediction.
3 Give English equivalents for the following words and word-combinations:
долгосрочная перспектива, изобретательность людей, накануне следующего столетия, с рекордной скоростью, в обоих случаях, на протяжении 21-го века, класть деньги в банк, процент роста, во всем мире, намного меньше, вносить равный вклад, ежегодное увеличение, менее развитый район, выходить за рамки простой арифметики, исследовать динамику.
4 Make up nouns from the following verbs and adjectives using suffixes:
to interconnect, to interdepend, to alter, to survive, to continue, to accomodate, to inhabit, to explore, to vary, to correlate, to interrupt, to retire, to occur, to imagine, to assume, to settle, to replace, to describe, to articulate, to accelerate, to invest, to pay, to expand, to expect, to divide, to predict;
ingenuous, fertile, inevitable, human, steady.
5 Make up adjectives using suffixes:
globe, technology, demography, environment, benefit, origin, ancestor, function, increment;
to interdepend, to change, to create, to continue, to add, to predict.
6 Give as many synonyms as possible to the following words:
to diminish, to alter, to threaten, to raise, to create, to support, to accomodate, to reach, to occur, to settle, to accelerate, to strike, to arise, to predict;
humanity, issue, boundary, pace, benefit, payment, ancestor, impact, increment;
infinite, rapid, present, compound, original, steady.
7 Give antonyms adding negative affixes if necessary:
to bring together, to diminish, to decline;
human, doubtful, precedented, interrupted, rapid, checked, compound, equal, developed, expected.
8 Explain the meaning of the following adverbs and make up sentences with them:
nearly, eventually, actually.
9 Insert prepositions where necessary:
1 … either case, world population will continue to grow … the 21st century and … the 22nd.
2 World population grows … nearly 10 thousand each hour … every day and is increasing … a record pace.
3 It is a function … increases … the original number … people plus those accruing … past population growth.
4 The rapid growth … world population … reaching 2 billion … 1927 is described … a simple mathematical principle articulated … 1798 … the Reverend Thomas Malthus.
5 … fact, more people will be added … the world‘s population … the last fifth … the 20th century than … any other time … history.
6 A population growing … a 1 percent rate will double … 69 years, while a population growing … a 2 percent rate will double … only 35 years.
7 The impact … different growth rates … doubling times can be calculated … dividing 69 … the percentage … growth.
8 It is expected that … 2045-2050 all … the net population growth … the world will arise … the less developed regions, as the population … the more developed regions is expected to be declining … absolute numbers.
9 The 6th billion was added … the eve … the 21st century.
10 If present trends continue uninterrupted, world population will grow … 7,5 billion … 2015, stand … 9,8 billion … 2050, and reach 10 billion only a few years later.
11 Whereas 79 percent … the annual increase … world population … 1950 and 1955 originated … the less developed regions, 95 percent … the increment … 1990 and 1995 originated … those regions.
12 The earth will accomodate the growth projected … today‘s 6 billion inhabitants … the next decades. But … what cost?
10 Translate from Russian into English:
1 С процессом глобализации значительно увеличивается количество населения, что изменяет взаимодействие, взаимосвязь и взаимозависимость людей.
2 Одним из основных вопросов современности является: сколько человек может выдержать планета, и при каком условии Земля сможет приспособиться к значительному росту населения.
3 По подсчетам социологов и демографов, за последние 20 лет прошлого века мировое население увеличилось больше, чем за предыдущие периоды истории, и если эта тенденция сохранится, то к середине 21-го века количество людей в мире может достичь 10 миллиардов человек.
4 Однако, хотя это и может показаться странным, предсказывалось, что к середине 21-го столетия в мире будет больше, чем 10 миллиардов людей.
5 Существует несоответствие между ростом населения и ростом благосостояния: население возрастает в геометрической прогрессии, а благосостояние – лишь в арифметической прогрессии.
6 Несмотря на то, что мировое население ощутимо увеличится, этот процесс не является равномерным: количество людей увеличится, в первую очередь, в развивающихся странах, и последствия этого могут в будущем оказаться драматичными для всего мира.
11 Questions for discussions:
1 Globalization and its impact on the population growth.
2 Rapid population growth in the Global South, its consequences.
3 The demographic situation in Russia, the ways of its improving.
UNIT 13
