Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский

Text 2: THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms aswell as the government and local authorities, all taking decisions aboutprices and wages, what to buy, sell, produce, export, import and manyother matters. All these organizations and the decisions they take play aprominent part in shaping the business environment in which firms existand operate.

The economy is complicated and difficult to control and predict, but itis certainly important to all businesses. You should be aware there aretimes when businesses and individuals have plenty of funds to spend andthere are times when they have to cut back on their spending. This canhave enormous implications for business as a whole.

When the economy is enjoying a boom, firms experience high salesand general prosperity. At such times, unemployment is low and manyfirms will be investing funds to enable them to produce more. They do thisbecause consumers have plenty of money to spend and firms expect highsales. It naturally follows that the state of the economy is a major factor inthe success of firms.

However, during periods when people have less to spend manyfirms face hard times as their sales fall. Thus, the economic environmentalters as the economy moves into a recession. At that time, total spendingdeclines as income falls and unemployment rises. Consumers willpurchase cheaper items and cut expenditure on luxury items such as televisionsand cars.

Changes in the state of the economy affect all types of business,though the extent to which they are affected varies. No individual firmhas the ability to control this aspect of its environment. Rather, it is theoutcome of the actions of all the groups who make up society as well asbeing influenced by the actions of foreigners with whom the nation hasdealings.

I. Find English equivalents of the following words and phrases in the text:

1) местные власти;

2) цены и заработные платы;

3) многие другие вопросы;

4) вынуждены сократить расходы;

5) оказывать огромное влияние;

6) экономика процветает;

7) уровень высоких продаж;

8) сложные времена;

9) болеедешевыевещи;

II. True or false:

1) Governments and local authorities take decisions about prices and

wages.

2) It is simple to control and predict economic situation.

3) Unemployment is low when firms experience high sales and general

prosperity.

4) If consumers have plenty of money to spend firms will expect high

sales.

5) A recession is a period when people have less to spend and firms face

hard times as their sales fall.

6) Every individual firm has the ability to control changes in the state of

the economy.

7) Foreigners with whom the nation has dealings may influence changes

in the state of the economy.

III. Match the parts and make up sentences:

1) The economy is complicated and difficult to control and predict

2) All these organizations and the decisions they take play

3) This can have enormous implications

4) They do this because consumers have plenty of

5) No individual firm has the ability

6) It naturally follows that the state of the economy

7) The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms as

well as the government and local authorities

a) for business as a whole

b) but it is certainly important to all businesses

c) all taking decisions about prices and wages, what to buy, sell,

produce, export, import and many other matters

d) to control this aspect of its environment

e) money to spend and firms expect high sales

f) a prominent part in shaping the business environment in which

firms exist and operate

g) is a major factor in the success of firms

IV. Match the words and expressions to their meanings:

1) authorities

2) import

3) economic environment

4) implications

5) enjoying a boom

6) a recession

7) outcome

a) a period of reduced business activity

b) to like a rapid growth increase

c) an effect or result

d) something brought into a country from abroad

e) the natural and social conditions in which economy develops

f) a person or a group with the ability, power, or right to control and

command

g) things that are likely to happen as a result

V. Answer the questions:

1) The economy comprises only the government and local authorities,

doesn’t it?

2) Who plays a prominent part in shaping the business environment in

which firms exist and operate?

3) When is unemployment low?

4) Why is the state of the economy a major factor in the success of

firms?

5) What are the signs of a recession?

6) Can the actions of foreigners with whom the nation has dealings influence

the state of the economy?

 

 

Grammar exercises

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте предложения, поставьте глаголы в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. I study at Samara State University of Economics.

2. He works for an international company.

3. We always have a few Skype calls in the first part of a day.

4. Usually it takes her 20 minutes to get to work.

5. Our company produces high-quality equipment for oil industry.

 

Упражнение 2. Составьте предложения из слов в скобках. Обратитевнимание на форму глагола и на порядок слов в предложении.

1. (always / early / Sue / arrive) - Sue always arrives early.

2. (basketball / I / play / often)

3. (work / Margaret / hard / usually)

4. (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear)

5. (dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30)

6. (television / Tim / watch / never)

7. (like / chocolate / children / usually)

8. (Julia / parties / enjoy / always)

 

Упражнение 3.Составьте вопросы, используя слова в скобках.

1. (where / live / your parents) - Where do your parents live?

2. (you / early / always / get up)

3. (how often / TV / you / watch)

4. (you / want / what / for dinner)

5. (like / you / your job)

6. (your brother / like / football)

7. (what / you / do / in the evenings)

8. (your sister / work / where)

9. (to the cinema / often / you / go)

10. (what / mean / this word)

11. (often / snow / it / here)

 

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Вчера я проснулся в 10 утра, позавтракал и пошел на прогулку с

моей собакой.

2. Куда ты ходил вчера?

3. Что она делала вчера вечером после работы?

4. На прошлой неделе мы ездили в отпуск. - Куда вы ездили?

5. Мы остановились в маленьком семейном отеле.

6. Погода была замечательной, и мы купались каждый день.

7. Вам понравился отель? - Да!

8. Еда была вкусной, сервис был дружелюбным.

9. Вчера я был очень занят. Я написал много писем свои коллегам.

10. Сколько писем ты написал?

11. Что ты делал вчера?

12. Почемутыбылзанят?