2020-08-05
77
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
менеджмента и гуманитарных дисциплин
02.09.2019 г., протокол №1
Зав. кафедрой: доц., к.ф.н. Тарасов В.И.
АНО Крымский институт бизнеса
Квалификационный уровень: бакалавриат
направление подготовки: 38.00.01 «Экономика»
Профиль: «Финансы и кредит»
семестр 4
Учебная дисциплина: «Иностранный язык /английский/»
ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 2
- Read and translate the text from English into Russian.
Absolute and comparative advantage
The world’s resources are unevenly distributed. Each nation has a different quantity and quality of natural, human and capital resources. The unequal distribution of resources affects what and how much goods and services a nation can produce.
Two concepts help people to decide which goods and services to produce for export. The two concepts are: absolute advantage and comparative advantage.
Absolute Advantage
The distribution of resources often gives a nation an absolute advantage in the production of a particular product. Absolute advantage means that using the same resources one nation can produce a product at a lower cost than a second nation.
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Brazil, for example, enjoys an absolute advantage over the United States in coffee production. Brazil’s resources - especially its land, climate and inexpensive labor force - enable it to produce large quantities of coffee at a relatively low price compared to the costs for coffee production in the United States. Thus, it is to Brazil’s advantage to export coffee to the United States.
The United States, on the other hand, enjoys an absolute advantage over Brazil in many other areas, particularly in the production of manufactured goods. The United States has well-tapped natural resources, a highly skilled labor force end well-developed means of production for consumer and capital goods. Thus, it is to the advantage of the United States to export manufactured goods to Brazil.
Comparative Advantage
Although nations have an absolute advantage in the production of numerous goods and services, they generally specialize in the production of those items in which they have a comparative advantage. A comparative advantage is the advantage that arises from being able to produce a product at a lower opportunity cost relative to other products.
A nation determines its areas of comparative advantage by calculating the economic benefits received from producing various goods and services. The nation then chooses to specialize in the production of those goods and services that provide the greatest economic benefits. In other words, the nation specializes in those products that can be produced at the least expense relative to the other products that the nation might produce.
II. Dwell upon the topic suggested. Applied economics. Definition of the concept. Study of the scarcity and choice. Functions of an economist.- Translate the sentences into English.
- Экспорт – вывоз товаров или услуг в другую страну.
- Ежегодный отчет подготавливается руководством компании, чьи акции продаются населению/ общественности.
- «Административное обсуждение» - подробный отчет, который обсуждает и анализирует работу (деятельность) компании.
- «Административный отчет» включает результаты работы компании и анализирует, достаточно ли ресурсов для обеспечения функционирования компании.
- Маркетинг включает различные виды деятельности: определение нужд и потребностей потребителей, чтобы усовершенствовать продукт, установление цены, решение, в какое место поставить продукт, чтобы он лучше продавался, решение, как лучше продвигать продукт.
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Экзаменатор: __ Павлова Е.В. ___
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
менеджмента и гуманитарных дисциплин
02.09.2019 г., протокол №1
Зав. кафедрой: доц., к.ф.н. Тарасов В.И.
АНО Крымский институт бизнеса
Квалификационный уровень: бакалавриат
направление подготовки: 38.00.01 «Экономика»
Профиль: «Финансы и кредит»
семестр 4
Учебная дисциплина: «Иностранный язык /английский/»
ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 3
- Read and translate the text from English into Russian.
Text 3. TYPES OF BUSINESSES
Objectives of Business Organizations
Business organizations are established to meet wants in society. Private businesses are formed mainly to provide for material wants (i.e. goods and services) and commercial wants (i.e. banking, insurance) in society. Government Organizations, on the other hand, tend to satisfy society’s desire for defense, law and order, education and social welfare.
Organizations are thus established to meet wants in society. In meeting these, organizations will set very definite and clear aims, e.g. a manufacturing firm will want to stay in business and make a profit. The aims of an organization are normally decided by the board of directors, or in the case of public organizations by government ministers.
The most common forms of private business organizations are sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.
Sole Proprietorships
A business owned and controlled by one person is a sole proprietorship. Sole proprietorships are the oldest, simplest, and most common of all types of businesses.
Because the financial resources available to one person often are limited, sole proprietorships tend to be enterprises that require small amounts of capital to start and operate. Many doctors, dentists, lawyers, bakers, and beauticians I organize as sole proprietors to provide professional services. Other services offered by sole proprietors include plumbing, carpentry, dry cleaning and lawn care. Many construction I companies, small grocery stores, florists, other small retail stores, farms, real estate firms and insurance firms are also organized as sole proprietorships.
Partnerships
A partnership is a business that is owned and controlled by two or more people. As in the case of sole proprietorships, partnerships are concentrated in businesses that require relatively small amounts of money to start and operate. A partnership begins when two or more people agree to operate a business together. Partnership can be general or limited. In order to avoid later conflicts, the partners usually formulate a written agreement railed a partnership contract. A partnership contract outlines the distribution of profits and losses. It details the specific responsibilities of each partner and includes provision for adding or dropping partners and dissolving the partnership.
II. Dwell upon the topic suggested. Microeconomics. Macroeconomics. The main problem of the economy: the placement of factors of production.- Translate the sentences into English.
- Импорт – ввоз товаров или услуг из другой страны.
- Финансовые аналитики информируют, сколько компания продает, какой доход (r……) она получает, а также какие у нее затраты (с….).
- «Список совета директоров и администрации» включает имена и должности членов совета директоров и команды.
- «Информация об акционерах» включает информацию о штаб-квартире, биржах, на которых компания продает свои акции, о следующем ежегодном собрании акционеров и другую общую информацию по обслуживанию акционеров.
- Реклама продукта – важная часть маркетингового комплекса.
Экзаменатор: __ Павлова Е.В. ___
