2020-09-26
78
| 101 352 1001 2874 15972 234753 1000000 6000000000 | a/one hundred and one three hundred and fifty-two a/one thousand and one two thousand eight hundred and seventy four fifteen thousand nine hundred and seventy two two hundred and thirty four thousand seven hundred and fifty-three a/one million six billion |
Fractions
Дроби
| Vulgar(Простые) | Decimal(Десятичные) |
| ½ – a half ¼ – a quarter ¾ – three quarters 1/3 – one third 2/3 – two thirds 1/5 – one fifth 3½ – three and a half 2¾ – two and three fourths Complex(Сложные) 3/462 – three over four six two 20/83 – twenty over eighty-three 22/7 – twenty-two over seven | 0,125 – (nought) point one two five 0,25 – (nought) point two five 5,33 – five point three three 0,5 – (nought) point five 10,75 – ten point seven five |
Percentages
Проценты
| 1% – one percent 0.25% – a quarter of one percent 0.5% – a half of one percent 50% – fifty percent(a half) The Central Bank raised/lowered interest rates bya quarter of one percent. |
Dates
Даты
| 1977 – nineteen (hundred and) seventy seven 2000 – two thousand/twenty hundred 2010 – twenty (hundred and) ten 1800 – eighteen hundred 1980s – the nineteen eighties 3 January 1995 – the thirdof January nineteen ninety-five May 4, 1974 – May (the) fourth nineteen seventy-four (US) |
Telephone numbers
Номера телефонов
| 2607354 – two, six, oh, seven, three, five, four 663815 – double six, three, eight, one, five 381566 – three, eight, one, five, double six But: 386615 – three, eight, six, six, one, five |
PREPOSITIONS
Предлоги
OF TIME
| at after/before during for by in on since | at 5 o’clock; at weekends; at the end of August; at night; after/before the classes; during the holiday (When?); for a few days (How long?); by the end of the month; in three days; in the morning on Monday; on Monday morning; on 12th October; on such a lovely day; since last year; |
OF PLACE
| above/over below/under among between by at in on to in front of/behind/ opposite | above the table; overthe picture; below the picture; underthe table; among the best football players; between Mike and Peter; by a small river; at the top/bottom of the page;atthe table; atthe cinema/ theatre;atsb’s place;atwork,athome;atschool;atuniversity; at 21 Central Avenue; in a flat/room/town;inthe sky;inthe tree;inthe picture; in the middle of the square; in Central Avenue; in the North of England; inbed; in hospital; in the corner of the room; on the table;onthe second floor;onthe right; on the corner of the street; to the north of Russia; in front of/opposite/behind the building; |
OF DIRECTION AND MOVEMENT
| along across at/in for from out of into off on to through up/down | along the road; across the bridge; arrive at the station/airport but: inMinsk; leave for Italy; from Brussels to Paris; from the table; out of the bag; out of the house; into the house; get into the car; get offthe bus/train; get on the bike; go to the seaside; I’ve never been to Rome but I’ve been toParis. through the wood; run up and downthe stairs; |
PAST SIMPLE versus PAST PROGRESSIVE
| PAST SIMPLE Key words: ago, last year (week, etc.), yesterday, the other day, in 1988, last (time), for five years, for a week, etc. | PAST PROGRESSIVE Key words: at 5 p.m., at that time yesterday, from 2 to 3, between three and four, all the morning, the whole day, etc. |
| 1) Действия, совершенные в указанное время в прошлом или период времени в прошлом (с союзом for). It rained heavily last night. She was IN Paris a year ago. I stayed at my friend’s for three days. 2) Действие (короткое), которое “прерывает” другое более продолжительное действие, происходящее в то же самое время. We were walking in the park when it suddenly started raining. 3)Два действия не являются одновременными, а следуют одно за другим. When it started raining we walked home. | 1) Действия в развитии в определенный момент или период времени в прошлом. At one o’clock yesterday she was having lunch. It was raining from 2 to 3. I looked out of the window. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. (момент времени выражен первым предложением). 2) Действие в развитии, которое “прерывается” более коротким действием, происходящим в то же самое время. We were walking in the park when it suddenly started raining. 3)Два одновременно происходящих действия в развитии, связанных словом ‘ while ’. Jane was cooking while I was laying the table. 4)Прошедшие действия “необычной частоты” с эмоциональной окраской преувеличения, раздражения, упрека.(со словами always, constantly,etc.) When he studied at school he was alwaysmaking trouble. |
PRESENT PERFECT versus PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
| PRESENT PERFECT Обозначает более постоянные действия с ударением на результат. Key words: already, for, since, ever, never, all my life, so far, etc. | PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Ударение на продолжительность действия. Key words: for, since, all morning/afternoon, etc. |
| 1. Действия, завершенные в прошлом, результаткоторых имеется в настоящем. Конкретное время действия не указано. I have already written the report. (Я уже написала …) I have learnt irregular verbs. (Я выучил …) 2.Незавершенные действия, начавшиеся в прошлом и все еще продолжающиеся в настоящем (со словами for, since, ever, never, all my life, so far). He has served in the Army for 11 months. This is his last month.(Он отслужил …) She has cooked for the whole family since she turned 17.(Она готовит …) | 1. Действия, завершенные в прошлом, результаткоторых имеется в настоящем. Конкретное время действия не указано. You look sleepy. – I have been writing the report all night. (Я писала …) I have been learning irregular verbs all afternoon. (Я учил …) 2.Незавершенные действия, начавшиеся в прошлом и все еще продолжающиеся в настоящем (со словами for, since, all morning/afternoonetc.). He has been serving in the Army for 11 months. This is his last month. (Он служит …) Your mum is still in the kitchen. She has been cooking all the morning..(Она готовит …) |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Каспин, И. В. Говорим по-американски. Учебное пособие по английскому языку. / И. В. Каспин. Ленинград, 1990.
Hornby, AS Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English / AS Hornby. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982.
Virginia, Evans Round-Up’ English Grammar Book / Virginia Evans. Pearson Education Limited, 2003.
Хорень, Р. В. Английский язык. Лексико-грамматические тесты. / Р. В. Хорень. Минск, Вышэйшая школа, 2004.
Мальцева, В. А. Exercises in Nominal Patterns. / Мальцева В. А. Минск, Народная асвета, 1978.
Карневская, Е. Б. Английский язык. На пути к успеху. / Е. Б. Карневская. Минск, Аверсэв, 2005.
Нижнева, Н. Н. Английский язык: Сложные задания и типичные ошибки на тестировании и экзамене. / Н. Н. Нижнева, Минск, ТетраСистемс, 2005.
Слепович, В. С. Translation Course / В. С. Слепович Минск, ТетраСистемс, 2003.
